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Evaluation of surface glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus as immunogens and reagents for serological diagnosis of infections in pigs: a recombinant Newcastle disease virus approach

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Abstract

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an important viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. The structural proteins E2 and Erns of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which participate in the attachment of the virion to the host cell surface and its subsequent entry, are immunogenic. The E2 and Erns proteins are used for diagnosis and the development of vaccines against CSFV infection in swine. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been successfully used as a viral vector to express heterologous proteins. In the present study, the E2 and Erns proteins of CSFV were expressed in cell culture as well as embryonated chicken eggs, using recombinant NDV (rNDV). Rescued rNDV expressing the E2 and Erns proteins induced the production of CSFV-neutralizing antibodies upon intranasal vaccination of pigs. Serum samples from vaccinated animals were found to neutralize both homologous and heterologous CSFV strains. Furthermore, rNDV expressing the E2 and Erns proteins of CSFV was used to develop an indirect ELISA, which was used to measure the the antibody titers of randomly collected serum samples. The results suggested that the ELISA based on rNDV-expressed E2 and Erns proteins could be used to screen for CSFV infections. This study shows that rNDV-based expression of CSFV antigens is potentially applicable for development of vaccines and diagnostic tests for CSFV infection. This approach could be an economically favorable alternative to the existing vaccine and diagnostics for CSFV in pigs.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Dr. Monika Koul and Dr. Nitin Chaudhary for proofreading the manuscript. We want to thank Dr. Arnab Sen, ICAR NEH, Meghalaya, for providing pig serum samples. The NDV research work was supported by the IIT Guwahati Internal Support Fund and the Department of Science and Technology (IFA-12-LSBM-34). The CSFV work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology (BT/562/NE/U-Excel/2016).

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  1. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India

    Rakesh Kumar, Vishnu Kumar & Sachin Kumar

  2. ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill Region, Shillong, Meghalaya, India

    Puro Kekungu

  3. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India

    Nagendra N. Barman

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Kumar, R., Kumar, V., Kekungu, P. et al. Evaluation of surface glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus as immunogens and reagents for serological diagnosis of infections in pigs: a recombinant Newcastle disease virus approach. Arch Virol 164, 3007–3017 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04425-4

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