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Indigenous and introduced potyviruses of legumes and Passiflora spp. from Australia: biological properties and comparison of coat protein nucleotide sequences

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Abstract

Five Australian potyviruses, passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV), passiflora mosaic virus (PaMV), passiflora virus Y, clitoria chlorosis virus (ClCV) and hardenbergia mosaic virus (HarMV), and two introduced potyviruses, bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CAbMV), were detected in nine wild or cultivated Passiflora and legume species growing in tropical, subtropical or Mediterranean climatic regions of Western Australia. When ClCV (1), PaMV (1), PaVY (8) and PWV (5) isolates were inoculated to 15 plant species, PWV and two PaVY P. foetida isolates infected P. edulis and P. caerulea readily but legumes only occasionally. Another PaVY P. foetida isolate resembled five PaVY legume isolates in infecting legumes readily but not infecting P. edulis. PaMV resembled PaVY legume isolates in legumes but also infected P. edulis. ClCV did not infect P. edulis or P. caerulea and behaved differently from PaVY legume isolates and PaMV when inoculated to two legume species. When complete coat protein (CP) nucleotide (nt) sequences of 33 new isolates were compared with 41 others, PWV (8), HarMV (4), PaMV (1) and ClCV (1) were within a large group of Australian isolates, while PaVY (14), CAbMV (1) and BCMV (3) isolates were in three other groups. Variation among PWV and PaVY isolates was sufficient for division into four clades each (I-IV). A variable block of 56 amino acid residues at the N-terminal region of the CPs of PaMV and ClCV distinguished them from PWV. Comparison of PWV, PaMV and ClCV CP sequences showed that nt identities were both above and below the 76-77% potyvirus species threshold level. This research gives insights into invasion of new hosts by potyviruses at the natural vegetation and cultivated area interface, and illustrates the potential of indigenous viruses to emerge to infect introduced plants.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all those mentioned in the text for supplying virus isolates, Adrian Gibbs for helpful discussions, and Stuart Vincent and Eva Gajda for help with plant maintenance and ELISA. The Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, and Horticulture Australia Ltd provided financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture and Food, Bentley Delivery Centre, Locked Bag No. 4, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia

    Brenda A. Coutts, Monica A. Kehoe, Craig G. Webster & Roger A. C. Jones

  2. School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Brenda A. Coutts, Monica A. Kehoe & Roger A. C. Jones

  3. U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services (USDA-ARS), Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA

    Craig G. Webster

  4. Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia

    Stephen J. Wylie

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  1. Brenda A. Coutts
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Correspondence to Roger A. C. Jones.

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705_2011_1046_MOESM1_ESM.ppt

Supplementary Fig. 1. Locations where legume and Passiflora species were sampled in Western Australia: map of the Australian continent showing where samples were taken in three different climatic regions: tropical (Broome, Kununurra, Wyndham), sub-tropical (Carnarvon) and Mediterranean (Geraldton, Pemberton, Perth). (Original sites for each isolate in Table 1). (PPT 148 kb)

705_2011_1046_MOESM2_ESM.ppt

Supplementary Fig. 2. Neighbour-joining relationship phylogram obtained from alignment of 33 complete and seven partial coat protein nucleotide sequences of new potyvirus isolates from wild or cultivated legume and Passiflora spp. and 41 potyvirus sequences from GenBank. The tree was generated using the ClustalW and MEGA 4.1 programmes set to default parameters. Tree branches were bootstrapped with 1,000 replications. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap scores of >50%. The scale bar represents a genetic distance of 0.1 for horizontal branch lengths. New sequences are shown in bold without GenBank codes, but earlier sequences are shown with GenBank codes. New partial sequences are shown in bold with grey backgrounds. For isolate designations, see Tables 1 and 2. (PPT 107 kb)

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Coutts, B.A., Kehoe, M.A., Webster, C.G. et al. Indigenous and introduced potyviruses of legumes and Passiflora spp. from Australia: biological properties and comparison of coat protein nucleotide sequences. Arch Virol 156, 1757–1774 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-011-1046-4

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