Abstract
Urbanization is a complex phenomenon that has a profound impact on natural resources, economies, climate dynamics, and community structures. This study sets out to analyze the effects of urban sprawl on key urban regions in Bangladesh, covering urban, suburban, and rural landscapes. We used Landsat images from 1992 to 2022, processed and classified using the Google Earth Engine and Random Forest algorithm. Spatial metrics, Tupu method, ANOVA, and spatial regression models helped us quantify and explain land cover changes, their drivers, and consequences. Our findings show that the total built-up area in the five districts expanded from 1,200 km2 in 1992 to 2,800 km2 in 2022, with an overall yearly expansion rate of 3.5%. Meanwhile, vegetation cover declined from 2,500 km2 in 1992 to 1,500 km2 in 2022, with an average yearly loss rate of 2.5%. We identified population growth, economic development, and infrastructure expansion as the main drivers of urbanization, while land degradation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity were the main consequences. Urbanization also had a significant impact on environmental functions, including carbon sequestration, water flow control, and urban heat mitigation, with varying effects across different urban areas and land use types. For instance, we found that carbon storage capacity decreased by 20% in urban areas, while it increased by 10% in rural areas. Our research highlights the crucial role of preserving and enhancing green spaces, including vegetation cover and water bodies, to mitigate urban heat and promote urban resilience. The findings underscore the need for sustainable urbanization, balancing economic growth with environmental protection and climate resilience, using geospatial and remote sensing techniques.
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Acknowledgements
The Authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through a large research group. Project group number RGP. 2/262/44.
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This research work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University under grant number RGP. 2/262/44.
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Jannatun Nahar Fariha Conceptualization, Project administration Data collection, Formal analysis, Data curation, Supervision, Resources, Software, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Md Tanvir Miah Conceptualization, Data collection, Formal analysis, Data curation, Supervision, Resources, Software, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Zamil Ahamed Limon Project administration, Resources, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Saleh Alsulamy Project administration, Resources, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Funding, Writing – review & editing. Abdulla Al Kafy Project administration, Formal analysis, Supervision, Resources, Software, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Validation, Writing – review & editing. SK Nafiz Rahman Project administration, Resources, Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing.
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Fariha, J.N., Miah, M.T., Limon, Z.A. et al. Quantifying spatial dynamics of urban sprawl for climate resilience sustainable natural resource management by utilizing geostatistical and remote sensing techniques. Theor Appl Climatol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-05000-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-05000-x