Abstract
This paper analyzes spatial and temporal changes of aridity in Argentina (1961–2022). The aridity degree, using Climatic Research Unit (CRU) monthly data, was defined through six climate types classified by De Martonne Aridity Index (DMI). Argentina presents a very arid, arid and semiarid region that extends from Puna to Patagonia, alongside two humid and very humid regions: one located in the Chaco-Pampas Plains and Mesopotamia, and another in the Patagonian Andes. Between these regions, there are subhumid areas with marked aridity variations. These structures persist over time, but advances or setbacks were observed in their bordering areas, with significant changes in the Andes (leading to more arid conditions) and the southwestern Pampas Plains (leading to more humid conditions) during the historical period. The contribution of temperature and precipitation changes to these DMI changes was quantified, indicating that precipitation modulated the DMI spatial changes, while temperature intensified or weakened the change magnitudes. The extension variations of the arid and semiarid regions in Argentina were related to three climate variability modes (El Niño – Southern Oscillation [ENSO], Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO] and South Atlantic Ocean Dipole [SAOD]). Significant correlations were found with PDO (r < 0) and SAOD (r > 0), which indicate that an increase in the area occupied by arid and semiarid climates are associated with PDO negative phase or SAOD positive phase. Moreover, when these phases occur simultaneously, the expansion of arid and semiarid regions is larger than under the action of an individual forcing.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Abraham E, Rubio C, Salomón M, Soria D (2014) Desertificación: problema ambiental complejo de las tierras secas. In: Torres LM, Abraham E, Pastor G (eds), Ventanas sobre el territorio: Herramientas teóricas para comprender las tierras secas. EDIUNC, Mendoza, pp 187–264
Andreoli RV, de Oliveira SS, Kayano MT, Viegas J, de Souza RAF, Candido LA (2017) The influence of different El Niño types on the South American rainfall. Int J Climatol 37(3):1374–1390. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4783
Bamston AG, Chelliah M, Goldenberg SB (1997) Documentation of a highly ENSO-related SST region in the equatorial Pacific: Research note. Atmos Ocean 35(3):367–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1997.9649597
Barreiro M (2010) Influence of ENSO and the South Atlantic Ocean on climate predictability over Southeastern South America. Clim Dyn 35:1493–1508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0666-9
Barros VR, Grimm AM, Doyle ME (2002) Relationship between temperature and circulation in Southeastern South America and its influence from El Niño and La Niña events. J Meteorol Soc Jpn Ser II 80(1):21–32. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.80.21
Barros V, Doyle M, Camilloni I (2008) Precipitation trends in southeastern South America: relationship with ENSO phases and with low-level circulation. Theoret Appl Climatol 93:19–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-007-0329-x
Barros VR, Boninsegna JA, Camilloni IA, Chidiak M, Magrín GO, Rusticucci M (2015) Climate change in Argentina: trends, projections, impacts and adaptation. Wiley Interdiscip Rev: Clim Change 6(2):151–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.316
Bennett M, New M, Marino J, Sillero-Zubiri C (2016) Climate complexity in the Central Andes: a study case on empirically-based local variations in the Dry Puna. J Arid Environ 128:40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.01.004
Bombardi RJ, Carvalho LM, Jones C, Reboita MS (2014) Precipitation over eastern South America and the South Atlantic Sea surface temperature during neutral ENSO periods. Clim Dyn 42:1553–1568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1832-7
Brđanin E, Sedlak M (2021) Analysis of the spatial distribution of the drought in the Lim valley and on the upper course of the river Ibar in Montenegro. Zbornik radova-Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu (69):101–117. https://doi.org/10.5937/zrgfub2169101B
Busso CA, Fernández OA (2018) Arid and semiarid rangelands of Argentina. In: Gaur M, Squires V (eds) Climate Variability impacts on land use and livelihoods in drylands. Springer, Cham, pp 261–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56681-8_13
Cai W, McPhaden MJ, Grimm AM, Rodrigues RR, Taschetto AS, Garreaud RD, Vera C (2020) Climate impacts of the El Niño–southern oscillation on South America. Nat Rev Earth Environ 1(4):215–231. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3
Carvalho D, Pereira SC, Silva R, Rocha A (2022) Aridity and desertification in the Mediterranean under EURO-CORDEX future climate change scenarios. Clim Change 174(3):1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03454-4
Cayan DR, Das T, Pierce DW, Barnett TP, Tyree M, Gershunov A (2010) Future dryness in the southwest US and the hydrology of the early 21st century drought. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107(50):21271–21276. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912391107
Chai R, Mao J, Chen H, Wang Y, Shi X, Jin M, Wullschleger SD (2021) Human-caused long-term changes in global aridity. Nat Partn J: Clim Atmos Sci 4(1):65. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00223-5
Cherlet M, Hutchinson C, Reynolds J, Hill J, Sommer S, Von Maltitz G (eds) (2018) World Atlas of desertification. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxemburg,. https://doi.org/10.2760/06292
Daniels LD, Veblen TT (2000) ENSO effects on temperature and precipitation of the Patagonian-Andean region: implications for biogeography. Phys Geogr 21(3):223–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2000.10642707
Davies J, Barchiesi S, Ogali CJ, Welling R, Dalton J, Laban P (2016) Water in drylands: Adapting to scarcity through integrated management. IUCN, Gland. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2016.06.en
De Barros Soares D, Lee H, Loikith PC, Barkhordarian A, Mechoso CR (2017) Can significant trends be detected in surface air temperature and precipitation over South America in recent decades? Int J Climatol 37(3):1483–1493. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4792
De la Casa AC, Ovando GG, Díaz GJ (2021) ENSO influence on corn and soybean yields as a base of an early warning system for agriculture in Córdoba, Argentina. Eur J Agron 129:126340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2021.126340
De Martonne E (1926) L’indice d’aridité. Bull de l’Association de géographes français 3(9):3–5.
De Souza IP, Andreoli RV, Kayano MT, Vargas FF, Cerón WL, Martins JA, De Souza RAF (2021) Seasonal precipitation variability modes over South America associated to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and non‐ENSO components during the 1951–2016 period. Int J Climatol 41(8):4321–4338. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7075
Díaz LB, Saurral RI, Vera CS (2021) Assessment of South America summer rainfall climatology and trends in a set of global climate models large ensembles. Int J Climatol 41:E59–E77. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6643
Dimkić D, Anđelković A, Babalj M (2022) Droughts in Serbia through the analyses of De Martonne and Ped indices. Environ Monit Assess 194(4):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09911-y
Doyle ME (2020) Observed and simulated changes in precipitation seasonality in Argentina. Int J Climatol 40(3):1716–1737. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6297
Feng S, Fu Q (2013) Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate. Atmos Chem Phys 13(19):10081–10094. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10081-2013
Fernandez JP, Franchito SH, Rao VB (2019) Future changes in the aridity of South America from regional climate model projections. Pure Appl Geophys 176(6):2719–2728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02108-4
Franchito SH, Fernandez JPR, Pareja D (2014) Surrogate climate change scenario and projections with a regional climate model: impact on the aridity in South America. Am J Clim Change 3:474–489. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2014.35041
Garbarini EM, González MH, Rolla AL (2020) Connection between sea surface temperature patterns and low level geopotential height in the South Atlantic Ocean. Atmósfera 33(2):175–185. https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.52641
Gavrilov MB, Radaković MG, Sipos G, Mezősi G, Gavrilov G, Lukić T, Marković SB (2020) Aridity in the central and southern Pannonian basin. Atmosphere 11(12):1269. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121269
Gershunov A, Barnett TP (1998) Interdecadal modulation of ENSO teleconnections. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 98:2715–2725. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2715:IMOET>2.0.CO;2
González MH, Vera CS (2010) On the interannual wintertime rainfall variability in the Southern Andes. Int J Climatol 30(5):643–657. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1910
Greve P, Roderick ML, Ukkola AM, Wada Y (2019) The aridity index under global warming. Environ Res Lett 14(12):124006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5046
Grünig M, Seidl R, Senf C (2023) Increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe. Glob Change Biol 29(6):1648–1659. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16547
Guan X, Ma J, Huang J, Huang R, Zhang L, Ma Z (2019) Impact of oceans on climate change in drylands. Sci China Earth Sci 62:891–908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9317-8
Harris I, Osborn TJ, Jones P, Lister D (2020) Version 4 of the CRU TS monthly high-resolution gridded multivariate climate dataset. Sci Data 7(1):109. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3711
Hipel KW, McLeod AI (1994) Time series modelling of water resources and environmental systems. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Hoffmann R (2022) Contextualizing climate change impacts on human mobility in African drylands. Earth’s Future 10(6):e2021EF002591. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002591
Huang J, Ji M, Xie Y, Wang S, He Y, Ran J (2016) Global semi-arid climate change over last 60 years. Clim Dyn 46:1131–1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2636-8
Huang J, Li Y, Fu C, Chen F, Fu Q, Dai A, Wang G (2017a) Dryland climate change: recent progress and challenges. Rev Geophys 55(3):719–778. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000550
Huang B, Thorne PW, Banzon VF, Boyer T, Chepurin G, Lawrimore JH, Zhang HM (2017b) Extended reconstructed sea surface temperature, version 5 (ERSSTv5): upgrades, validations, and intercomparisons. J Clim 30(20):8179–8205. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] (2021) Summary for policymakers. In: Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pirani A, Connors SL, Péan C, Berger S, Caud N, Chen Y, Goldfarb L, Gomis MI, Huang M, Leitzell K, Lonnoy E, Matthews JBR, Maycock TK, Waterfield T, Yelekçi O, Yu R, Zhou B (eds) Climate Change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group i to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.001
Jahangir MH, Danehkar S (2022) A comparative drought assessment in Gilan, Iran using Pálfai drought index, de Martonne Aridity Index, and Pinna combinative index. Arab J Geosci 15(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09107-7
Ji M, Huang J, Xie Y, Liu J (2015) Comparison of dryland climate change in observations and CMIP5 simulations. Adv Atmos Sci 32:1565–1574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-015-4267-8
Jones SM, Gutzler DS (2016) Spatial and seasonal variations in aridification across Southwest North America. J Clim 29(12):4637–4649. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00852.1
Jozami E, Montero Bulacio E, Coronel A (2018) Temporal variability of ENSO effects on corn yield at the central region of Argentina. Int J Climatol 38(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4895
Kendall MG (1962) Rank correlation methods. Hafner Publishing Company, EEUU, New York
Kimura R (2020) Global detection of aridification or increasing wetness in arid regions from 2001 to 2013. Nat Hazards 103:2261–2276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04080-y
Koutroulis AG (2019) Dryland changes under different levels of global warming. Sci Total Environ 655:482–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.215
Leyba IM, Solman SA, Saraceno M, Martínez JA, Dominguez F (2023) The South Atlantic Ocean as a moisture source region and its relation with precipitation in South America. Clim Dyn 61:1741–1756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06653-y
Li C, Fu B, Wang S, Stringer LC, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhou W (2021) Drivers and impacts of changes in China’s drylands. Nat Rev Earth Environ 2(12):858–873. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00226-z
Lian X, Piao S, Chen A, Huntingford C, Fu B, Li LZ, Roderick ML (2021) Multifaceted characteristics of dryland aridity changes in a warming world. Nat Rev Earth Environ 2(4):232–250. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00144-0
Lickley M, Solomon S (2018) Drivers, timing and some impacts of global aridity change. Environ Res Lett 13(10):104010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae013
Lovino MA, Müller OV, Müller GV, Sgroi LC, Baethgen WE (2018) Interannual-to-multidecadal hydroclimate variability and its sectoral impacts in northeastern Argentina. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 22(6):3155–3174. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3155-2018
Luo D, Hu Z, Dai L, Hou G, Di K, Liang M, Zeng X (2023) An overall consistent increase of global aridity in 1970–2018. J Geog Sci 33(3):449–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-023-2091-0
Mann HB (1945) Non-parametric test against trend. Econometrical 13:245–259. https://doi.org/10.2307/1907187
Mantua NJ, Hare SR, Zhang Y, Wallace JM, Francis RC (1997) A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 78(6):1069–1080. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1069:APICOW>2.0.CO;2
Menéndez CG, de Castro M, Söerensson A, Boulanger JP (2010) CLARIS project: towards climate downscaling in South America. Meteorol Z 19(4):357–362. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2010/0459
Muñoz-Sabater J, Dutra E, Agustí-Panareda A, Albergel C, Arduini G, Balsamo G, Thépaut JN (2021) ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications. Earth Syst Sci Data 13(9):4349–4383. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4349-2021
Muza MN, Carvalho LMV, Jones C, Liebmann B (2009) Intraseasonal and Interannual variability of extreme dry and wet events over Southeastern South America and the subtropical Atlantic during Austral Summer. J Clim 22(7):1682–1699. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2257.1
Neilson JW, Califf K, Cardona C, Copeland A, Van Treuren W, Josephson KL, Maier RM (2017) Significant impacts of increasing aridity on the arid soil microbiome. MSystems 2(3):e00195–e00116. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00195-16
Nguyen PL, Min SK, Kim YH (2021) Combined impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific decadal oscillation on global droughts assessed using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. Int J Climatol 41:E1645–E1662. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6796
Nicholson SE (2011) Drylands climatology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511973840
Nnamchi HC, Li J, Anyadike RN (2011) Does a dipole mode really exist in the South Atlantic Ocean? J Geophys Res: Atmos 116(D15):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015579
Overpeck JT, Udall B (2020) Climate change and the aridification of North America. Proc Natl Acad Sci 117(22):11856–11858. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006323117
Park CE, Jeong SJ, Joshi M, Osborn TJ, Ho CH, Piao S, Feng S (2018) Keeping global warming within 1.5 C constrains emergence of aridification. Nat Clim Change 8(1):70–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0034-4
Paruelo JM, Beltrán A, Jobbágy E, Sala OE, Golluscio RA (1998) The climate of Patagonia: general patterns and controls on biotic processes. Ecol Austral 8(02):085–101. http://hdl.handle.net/20500.12110/ecologiaaustral_v008_n02_p085. Accessed 24 Jan 2024
Pellicone G, Caloiero T, Guagliardi I (2019) The De Martonne aridity index in Calabria (Southern Italy). J Maps 15(2):788–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1673840
Penalba OC, Rivera JA (2016) Precipitation response to El Niño/La Niña events in Southern South America–emphasis in regional drought occurrences. Adv Geosci 42:1–14. https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-42-1-2016
Penalba OC, Pántano VC, Spescha LB, Murphy GM (2019) El Niño–Southern Oscillation incidence over long dry sequences and their impact on soil water storage in Argentina. Int J Climatol 39(4):2362–2374. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5957
Pereyra FX (2019) Geology and geomorphology. In: Rubio G, Lavado RS, Pereyra FX (eds) The soil of Argentina. Springer, Cham, pp. 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76853-3
Pezza AB, Simmonds I, Renwick JA (2007) Southern Hemisphere cyclones and anticyclones: recent trends and links with decadal variability in the Pacific Ocean. Int J Climatol 27(11):1403–1419. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1477
Prăvălie R, Bandoc G, Patriche C, Sternberg T (2019) Recent changes in global drylands: evidences from two major aridity databases. Catena 178:209–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.03.016
Reboita MS, Ambrizzi T, Crespo NM, Dutra LMM, Ferreira GWDS, Rehbein A, Souza CAD (2021) Impacts of teleconnection patterns on South America climate. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1504(1):116–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14592
Rivera JA, Penalba OC (2014) Trends and spatial patterns of drought affected area in Southern South America. Climate 2(4):264–278. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli2040264
Rivera JA, Araneo DC, Penalba OC, Villalba R (2018) Regional aspects of streamflow droughts in the Andean rivers of Patagonia, Argentina. Links with large-scale climatic oscillations. Hydrol Res 49(1):134–149. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.207
Rotili DH, Giorno A, Tognetti PM, Maddonni GÁ (2019) Expansion of maize production in a semi-arid region of Argentina: climatic and edaphic constraints and their implications on crop management. Agric Water Manage 226:105761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105761
Rusticucci M, Zazulie N, Raga GB (2014) Regional winter climate of the southern central Andes: assessing the performance of ERA-Interim for climate studies. J Geophys Res: Atmos 119(14):8568–8582. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021167
Spinoni J, Vogt J, Naumann G, Carrao H, Barbosa P (2015) Towards identifying areas at climatological risk of desertification using the Köppen–Geiger classification and FAO aridity index. Int J Climatol 35(9):2210–2222. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4124
Straffelini E, Tarolli P (2023) Climate change-induced aridity is affecting agriculture in Northeast Italy. Agric Syst 208:103647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103647
Takeshima A, Kim H, Shiogama H, Lierhammer L, Scinocca JF, Seland Ø, Mitchell D (2020) Global aridity changes due to differences in surface energy and water balance between 1.5°C and 2°C warming. Environ Res Lett 15(9):0940a7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9db3
Tencer B, Rusticucci M, Jones P, Lister D (2011) A southeastern South American daily gridded dataset of observed surface minimum and maximum temperature for 1961–2000. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 92(10):1339–1346. https://doi.org/10.1175/2011BAMS3148.1
Thalheimer L, Williams DS, Van der Geest K, Otto FE (2021) Advancing the evidence base of future warming impacts on human mobility in African drylands. Earth’s Future 9(10). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001958
Ullah S, You Q, Sachindra DA, Nowosad M, Ullah W, Bhatti AS, Ali A (2022) Spatiotemporal changes in global aridity in terms of multiple aridity indices: an assessment based on the CRU data. Atmos Res 268:105998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105998
Van Beek LPH, Wada Y, Bierkens MF (2011) Global monthly water stress: 1. Water balance and water availability. Water Resour Res 47(7):W07517. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009791
Venegas SA, Mysak LA, Straub DN (1997) Atmosphere–ocean coupled variability in the South Atlantic. J Clim 10(11):2904–2920. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010
Vlăduţ AȘ, Licurici M (2020) Aridity conditions within the region of Oltenia (Romania) from 1961 to 2015. Theoret Appl Climatol 140(1):589–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03107-5
Wang X, Jiang D, Lang X (2021) Future changes in Aridity Index at two and four degrees of global warming above preindustrial levels. Int J Climatol 41(1):278–294. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6620
Williams AP, Allen CD, Millar CI, Swetnam TW, Michaelsen J, Still CJ, Leavitt SW (2010) Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in the southwestern United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107(50):21289–21294. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914211107
Williams AP, Abatzoglou JT, Gershunov A, Guzman-Morales J, Bishop DA, Balch JK, Lettenmaier DP (2019) Observed impacts of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire in California. Earth’s Future 7(8):892–910. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210
Williams AP, Cook ER, Smerdon JE, Cook BI, Abatzoglou JT, Bolles K, Livneh B (2020) Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging north American megadrought. Science 368(6488):314–318. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600
Zaninelli PG, Menéndez CG, Falco M, López-Franca N, Carril AF (2019) Future hydroclimatological changes in South America based on an ensemble of regional climate models. Clim Dyn 52(1):819–830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4225-0
Zhang C, Yang Y, Yang D, Wu X (2021) Multidimensional assessment of global dryland changes under future warming in climate projections. J Hydrol 592:125618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125618
Zhang G, Chen X, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Jin Y, Luo Y, An P (2023) Land use/cover changes and subsequent water budget imbalance exacerbate soil aridification in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China. J Hydrol 624:129939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129939
Zomer RJ, Xu J, Trabucco A (2022) Version 3 of the global aridity index and potential evapotranspiration database. Sci Data 9(1):409. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01493-1
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by FONCYT Grant PICT2018-02496 and PIP grant KE2 11220210100752CO. The authors would like to thank Cerne Bibiana Ph.D. (DCAO/UBA) for her recommendations to improve this paper. The authors also express gratitude for the comments from the editors and reviewers that have been valuable in enhancing the research quality.
Funding
The research has been funded by National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion of Argentina, under FONCYT Grant PICT2018-02496 and by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Research of Argentina under PIP grant KE2 11220210100752CO.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
The first author (P.S.B.) as well as the co-author (M.E.D.) of this work have equally contributed to the preparation of the manuscript, creating the relevant figures/tables and conducting their respective analyses.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Blanco, P.S., Doyle, M.E. Spatial and temporal changes of aridity in Argentina and its relationship with some oceanic-atmospheric teleconnection patterns. Theor Appl Climatol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04909-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04909-7