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Modeling and spatial characterization of aerosols at Middle East AERONET stations

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Abstract

In this paper, we employed an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to simulate aerosol optical depth time series from the ground-based AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) from 2012 to 2021. To test the validity and applicability of the developed ARIMA model, we correlated the ARIMA predicted for 2021 with AERONET network data and obtained a correlation coefficient of ~ 0.9. Additionally, we compared the results with the space-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for the Middle East and obtained a considerable correlation coefficient of ~ 0.5. We employ the threshold of the Angstrom exponent (AE) as a measure of the spectral dependence of aerosol optical depth (AOD), which ranges between 0 and 1, to characterize aerosol types. The results show weighted averages of AOD ≥ 0.2 and AE ≥ 1.0 for fine-mode aerosol spray in IASBS (36.705 N, 48.507 E), AOD > 0.2 and AE < 1.0 for dust aerosols in Nes_Ziona (31.922 N, 34.789 E), AOD > 0.4, 0.5 < AE < 1.0 for dust and maritime aerosol for Masdar _Institute station (24.442 N, 54.617 E) and AE < 1, AOD ≤ 0.5 for dust and maritime aerosol in Hada_El-Sham (21.802 N, 39.729E).

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Data are available upon request.

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Acknowledgements

The principal investigator of AERONET and MODIS is appreciated for the provision of data. We appreciate the critical comments and suggestions of the reviewers and editor that improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

    Chukwuma Moses Anoruo

  2. National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, J & K, Srinagar, India

    Syed Nisar Hussain Bukhari

  3. Department of Physics, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria

    Okechukwu Kelechi Nwofor

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  1. Chukwuma Moses Anoruo
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  2. Syed Nisar Hussain Bukhari
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  3. Okechukwu Kelechi Nwofor
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Contributions

C.M Anoruo—conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, and visualization. S. Bukhari—conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, and visualization. O.K Nwofor—conceptualization, methodology, software, and data curation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chukwuma Moses Anoruo.

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Anoruo, C.M., Bukhari, S.N.H. & Nwofor, O.K. Modeling and spatial characterization of aerosols at Middle East AERONET stations. Theor Appl Climatol 152, 617–625 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04384-6

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