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Spatiotemporal trends in reference evapotranspiration and its driving factors in Bangladesh

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Abstract

This research investigates spatiotemporal variations in ETo and the controlling factor of those variations using the modified Mann-Kendall test, empirical Bayesian kriging model, Morlet wavelet analysis (MWA), and cross-wavelet transform (XWT) model relying on daily climate data sets obtained from 18 meteorological stations for the period 1980–2017. Additionally, the stepwise linear regression analysis and partial correlation coefficient (PCC) were employed to determine the variables driving the changes in ETo. The investigation exhibited a decline in annual for −1.19 mm year−1 and seasonal (−0.40 mm decade−1 during pre-monsoon, −0.47 mm decade−1 during post-monsoon, −0.50 mm decade−1 during winter) ETo, which indicates the existence of “evapotranspiration paradox” in Bangladesh, similar to many regions across the globe. The trend test depicted that despite the increase in mean temperature (MT), a noteworthy decrease in sunshine duration (SD), and wind speed (WS) are the main reasons for the reduction in ETo. Spatial analysis of ETo revealed the highest annual values in the southwest while the lowest in the northwest. Two cycles, 1–3 and 3–5 years were found significant in the annual and seasonal ETo. The outcomes revealed coherence among ETo with meteorological factors at different time-frequency bands, which is noteworthy. Stepwise regression and PCC showed that the impact of meteorological factors on ETo varies on the annual and seasonal scales where MT, RH, and SD are the major factors responsible for the variations of ETo in both annual and seasonal scales. These outcomes of the research can be advantageous for designing irrigation and management of sustainable water resources to mitigate climate change impacts as well as controlling anthropogenic activities.

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Data are available upon request on the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) for sharing climate dataset used in this research work. We also acknowledge to the Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh, for different forms of support during the study period. It should be mentioned that a preprint version (Not peer review) can be available to Authora, Wiley Publisher, doi: 10.22541/au.159863206.67141591.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh

    Jannatun Nahar Jerin, H. M. Touhidul Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam & Mehnaz Abbasi Badhan

  2. Department of Water & Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor, Malaysia

    Shamsuddin Shahid

  3. School of Applied Meteorology, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters and Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Zhenghua Hu

  4. Anhui Public Meteorological Service Center, Anhui Meteorological Bureau, Hefei, 230031, China

    Ronghao Chu

  5. Agricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    Ahmed Elbeltagi

  6. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Ahmed Elbeltagi

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  1. Jannatun Nahar Jerin
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  2. H. M. Touhidul Islam
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  3. Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam
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  4. Shamsuddin Shahid
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  5. Zhenghua Hu
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  6. Mehnaz Abbasi Badhan
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  7. Ronghao Chu
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  8. Ahmed Elbeltagi
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Contributions

Jannatun Nahar Jerin: formal analysis, software, methodology, writing—original draft. H.M. Touhidul Islam: formal analysis, software, methodology. Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam: supervision, conceptualization, resources, writing—review. Shamsuddin Shahid: writing—review and editing, literature review. Zenghau Hu: writing—review and editing. Mehnaz abbasi Badhan: writing—review and editing, investigation, resources. Ronghao Chu: writing—review and editing. Ahmed Elbeltagi: review and editing.

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Correspondence to Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam or Shamsuddin Shahid.

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Jerin, J.N., Islam, H.M.T., Islam, A.R.M.T. et al. Spatiotemporal trends in reference evapotranspiration and its driving factors in Bangladesh. Theor Appl Climatol 144, 793–808 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03566-4

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