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Annual to multidecadal climate modes linking precipitation of the northern and southern slopes of the Tianshan Mts

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Abstract

Precipitation in the Tianshan Mts is one of the main sources of subsurface and surface water in arid Xinjiang, China. Precipitation on the northern slope is significantly larger than that on the southern slope in the Tianshan Mts (i.e., annual average precipitation from 1951 to 2017 was 143 and 75 mm on the northern and southern slopes, respectively). The spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation largely influence the regional ecological environment and sustainable economic development. For better understanding the spatial difference of precipitation and the relations with climate modes in Tianshan Mts, this project selected Indian summer monsoon (ISM), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which represent annual, interannual, and multidecadal climate modes, respectively, to investigate the relations between the climate modes and precipitation on the northern and southern slopes of Tianshan Mts. The linkages of the climate modes to precipitation of the northern and southern slopes were investigated by ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and wavelet coherence analysis. The results show that these three climate modes are positively correlated with precipitation over entire Tianshan Mts. At annual scale, ISM strongly and almost equally affects precipitation on the northern and southern slopes. At interannual scales, ENSO mainly affects the precipitation of the northern slope, which is the major factor causing precipitation larger on the north than that on the south. At multidecadal scale, the effects of PDO on precipitation of northern and southern slopes are ambiguous.

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Acknowledgments

Our thanks are extended to the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System (http://data.cma.cn/) for providing precipitation data of Tianshan Mts, the International Pacific Research Center at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA (http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/monsoon/), for providing ISM data, the Climate Prediction Center of NOAA, USA (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/), for providing ENSO data, and the Joint Institute of the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean of the University of Washington, Seattle, USA (http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo/PDO.latest), providing PDO data. The authors sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers for their detailed and constructive comments to improve the quality of this manuscript.

Funding

This work is partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China 18JCZDJC39500, Program for Innovative Research Team in Universities of Tianjin TD13-5078, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41272245, 40972165, and 40572150.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393 Binshuixi Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China

    Lixing An & Baoju Zhang

  2. Tianjin Key Lab of Water Resources and Water Environment, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393 Binshuixi Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China

    Yonghong Hao & Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh

  3. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, The University of Arizona, John Harshbarger Building 1133 E. North Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, USA

    Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh

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  1. Lixing An
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Correspondence to Yonghong Hao.

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Highlights

• Precipitation on the northern slope is significantly larger than that on the southern slope in the Tianshan Mts.

• Precipitation data of northern and southern slopes of Tianshan Mts were decomposed by ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and then grouped and reconstructed as quasi-periodic signals of annual, interannual, and multidecadal scales.

• Wavelet coherence and lag correlation were analyzed between reconstructed precipitation and climate modes (ISM, ENSO, PDO).

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An, L., Hao, Y., Yeh, TC.J. et al. Annual to multidecadal climate modes linking precipitation of the northern and southern slopes of the Tianshan Mts. Theor Appl Climatol 140, 453–465 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03100-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03100-y

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