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Evaluating the effect of ocean-atmospheric indices on drought in Iran

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Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between ocean-atmospheric indices and drought in Iran. Using > 30-year precipitation data from 37 synoptic stations (ending 2015), standard precipitation index (SPI) was calculated for periods of 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, 18-, 24-, and 48-month time scales. A set of monthly ocean-atmospheric oscillations (OA) indices including Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO): (NINO 1.2, NINO 3, NINO 3.4, NINO 4, SOI), and Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMo) were also included in our analysis. The simultaneous relationship between SPI and ocean-atmospheric oscillations was investigated using Spearman’s correlation test. The cross correlation function (CCF) coefficient was also utilized to investigate their asynchronous relationships at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, 18-, 24-, 48-month lag time. Finally, the multivariate linear regression was used to model the end relationships among SPI time-scales and OA indices. AMO and NINO 4 had the most significant and most frequent relationship with SPI in the western and northern parts of Iran. Except for southeastern parts, AMO, NINO 3.4, and NINO 4 had the most significant and most frequent relationship with SPI. Moreover, results showed that asynchronous relationships outperformed simultaneous ones. AMO was recognized as the most important index in modeling the relationship between drought and OA indices across all stations with high potentials to be used for predicting climatic conditions and drought management in Iran.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Iran’s Meteorology Organization, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), and NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction for supplying the data used in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran

    Maryam Mohammadrezaei, Saeed Soltani & Reza Modarres

  2. Center of excellence on risk management and natural hazards, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran

    Saeed Soltani & Reza Modarres

Authors
  1. Maryam Mohammadrezaei
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  2. Saeed Soltani
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  3. Reza Modarres
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Correspondence to Saeed Soltani.

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Mohammadrezaei, M., Soltani, S. & Modarres, R. Evaluating the effect of ocean-atmospheric indices on drought in Iran. Theor Appl Climatol 140, 219–230 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-019-03058-6

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