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Energy balance closure in the Southwest Amazon forest site—a statistical approach

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Abstract

Energy balance closure is the main indicator of the quality of energy flux measurements obtained by the eddy covariance technique. Many researchers use a simple linear regression model between energy balance components to evaluate closure. However, these studies typically fail to verify the appropriateness of the statistical assumptions of regression analysis, which can lead to erroneous conclusions if the model is not satisfactory. Thus, the aim of this study was to calibrate and validate simple and robust with bootstrap and cross-validation linear regression models to verify the efficiency of energy balance closure in the Amazon ecosystem. Measurements of net radiation and latent, sensible, and ground heat fluxes were made from January to December 2008 in a tropical rain forest area in South West Amazonia in an experimental site belonging to the network of flux towers of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). The results demonstrated that simple linear regression models are not appropriate for analyzing energy balance closure. However, robust linear regression models with bootstrap and cross-validation improved the fit to the data. Despite the better fit, there was an increase in energy balance closure residuals suggesting that the eddy covariance technique is underestimating the values of energy fluxes in Amazon forest areas more than what were reported in previous researches.

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Acknowledgements

This work is part of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) and was supported by Brazilian Foundation for the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES/PRODOUTORAL). The authors wish to acknowledge the students from LBA/Rondonia for data collection. Thanks are due to Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), Biological Reserve of Jaru (REBIO Jaru), and their staffs for support during the field work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Rondonia, Campus de Ji-Parana, Rua Rio Amazonas, 351, Bairro Jardim dos Migrantes, Ji-Parana, RO, 76900-726, Brazil

    Renata Gonçalves Aguiar

  2. Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus de Ji-Paraná, Rua Rio Amazonas, 351, Bairro Jardim dos Migrantes, Ji-Paraná, RO, 76900-726, Brazil

    Renata Gonçalves Aguiar

  3. University of Cuiaba, Beira Rio avenue, 3100, Cuiaba, MT, 78065-900, Brazil

    Carlo Ralph De Musis

  4. Department of Meteorology, Campus Universitario, Federal University of Pelotas, S/N, Caixa Postal 354., Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil

    Leonardo José Gonçalves Aguiar & Graciela Redies Fischer

  5. Department of Statistic, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil

    Mariano Martínez-Espinosa

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  1. Renata Gonçalves Aguiar
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  2. Carlo Ralph De Musis
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  3. Leonardo José Gonçalves Aguiar
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Correspondence to Renata Gonçalves Aguiar.

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Aguiar, R.G., De Musis, C.R., Aguiar, L.J.G. et al. Energy balance closure in the Southwest Amazon forest site—a statistical approach. Theor Appl Climatol 136, 1209–1219 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2548-8

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