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Simulations of tropical cyclogenesis associated with different monsoon trough patterns over the western North Pacific

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Abstract

The numerical simulations of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis during the strong and weak monsoon trough (MT) years, in which meteorological fields are composited, are conducted using advanced research weather research and forecasting model. The simulation results show that both tropical disturbances tend to form in the east of the western North Pacific (WNP) near 160°–170°E during the strong and weak MT years. During the strong MT years, there is a faster formation rate of TC. The eastward-extending MT gradually evolves into a closed monsoon gyre over the WNP during the early stage. The following rapid development of TC can be attributed to the enhanced lower-level southwesterly flows induced by the cross-equatorial currents, enhanced easterly winds, and weak vertical wind shear, which provide a favorable environment for TC genesis. The strengthened large-scale circulation spawns abundant convective updrafts resulting in the aggregation of cyclonic vorticity. In contrast, during the weak MT years, the westward-retreated MT gradually evolves into expansive easterly winds over the WNP. Two episodes of convective updrafts are triggered with a longer interval, and thus lead to a slower TC genesis compared with that during the strong MT years.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments, which help improve the paper. This study is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2014CB953902, 2015CB453200), LASW State Key Laboratory Special fund (Grant 2015LASW-B04), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41505048, 41461164005, 41275001, 41475074, and 41475081).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huayanli 40, Beijing, 100029, China

    Xi Cao & Guanghua Chen

  2. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China

    Xi Cao & Fumin Ren

  3. International Pacific Research Center and School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Tim Li

  4. CDRC/ESMC, International Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

    Tim Li

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  1. Xi Cao
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  2. Guanghua Chen
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  3. Tim Li
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  4. Fumin Ren
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Correspondence to Guanghua Chen.

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Responsible Editor: F. Mesinger.

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Cao, X., Chen, G., Li, T. et al. Simulations of tropical cyclogenesis associated with different monsoon trough patterns over the western North Pacific. Meteorol Atmos Phys 128, 491–511 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-015-0428-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-015-0428-7

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