Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Altered NMDA receptor expression and behavior following postnatal hypoxia: potential relevance to schizophrenia

  • Published:
Journal of Neural Transmission Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary.

The present study investigated the effects of chronic, repeated hypoxia during a postnatal vulnerable period. Acoustic startle response in adult rats was measured along with NMDA receptor binding and mRNA expression of subunits at postnatal days (PND) 11 and 120.

Rats at PND 120 exhibited a deficit in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response. In PND 11 rats, chronic hypoxia decreased NMDA receptor binding and increased transcript expression of NR1 subunit in frontal and temporal regions, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus, while NR2A subunit expression was downregulated in hippocampal subregions. At PND 120, gene expression of NR1 was still increased in hippocampal, frontal and temporal subregions as well as nucleus accumbens.

A prepulse inhibition deficit points to schizophrenia-like behavior in adult (PND 120) rats. Compensatory upregulation of NR1 expression may occur due to NMDA receptor hypofunction. We discuss this animal model to further analyze effects of hypoxia as a factor of obstetric complications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • S Akbarian NJ Sucher D Bradley A Tafazzoli D Trinh WP Hetrick SG Potkin CA Sandman WE Bunney SuffixJr EG Jones (1996) ArticleTitleSelective alterations in gene expression for NMDA receptor subunits in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics J Neurosci 16 19–30 Occurrence Handle8613785 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xht1Sktg%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NJ Anegawa RP Guttmann ER Grant R Anand J Lindstrom DR Lynch (2000) ArticleTitleN-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor mediated toxicity in nonneuronal cell lines: characterization using fluorescent measures of cell viability and reactive oxygen species production Brain Res Mol Brain Res 77 163–175 Occurrence Handle10837912 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00050-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjs1Grs7g%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MI Aparicio-Legarza B Davis PH Hutson GP Reynolds (1998) ArticleTitleIncreased density of glutamate/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in putamen from schizophrenic patients Neurosci Lett 241 143–146 Occurrence Handle9507941 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00017-2 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c7mslemuw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DL Braff MA Geyer GA Light J Sprock W Perry KS Cadenhead NR Swerdlow (2001) ArticleTitleImpact of prepulse characteristics on the detection of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia Schizophr Res 49 171–178 Occurrence Handle11343875 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00139-0 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3kt1eisg%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DL Braff C Grillon MA Geyer (1992) ArticleTitleGating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients Arch Gen Psychiatry 49 206–215 Occurrence Handle1567275 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK383jtFKktA%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GJ Brewer CW Cotman (1989) ArticleTitleNMDA receptor regulation of neuronal morphology in cultured hippocampal neurons Neurosci Lett 99 268–273 Occurrence Handle2566963 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-3940(89)90458-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXktFyitb8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WJ Brooks TL Petit JC LeBoutillier R Lo (1991) ArticleTitleRapid alteration of synaptic number and postsynaptic thickening length by NMDA: an electron microscopic study in the occipital cortex of postnatal rats Synapse 8 41–48 Occurrence Handle1831299 Occurrence Handle10.1002/syn.890080107 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3MzjsFensQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TD Cannon IM Rosso CE Bearden LE Sanchez T Hadley (1999) ArticleTitleA prospective cohort study of neurodevelopmental processes in the genesis and epigenesis of schizophrenia Dev Psychopathol 11 467–485 Occurrence Handle10532620 Occurrence Handle10.1017/S0954579499002163 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FgtVChsg%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TD Cannon TG van Erp IM Rosso M Huttunen J Lönnqvist T Pirkola O Salonen L Valanne VP Poutanen CG Standertskjöld-Nordenstam (2002) ArticleTitleFetal hypoxia and structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenic patients, their siblings, and controls Arch Gen Psychiatry 59 35–41 Occurrence Handle11779280 Occurrence Handle10.1001/archpsyc.59.1.35

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DW Choi (1992) ArticleTitleExcitotoxic cell death J Neurobiol 23 1261–1276 Occurrence Handle1361523 Occurrence Handle10.1002/neu.480230915 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhtl2qtL4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Dalman HV Thomas AS David J Gentz G Lewis P Allebeck (2001) ArticleTitleSigns of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia. Population-based case-control study Br J Psychiatry 179 403–408 Occurrence Handle11689395 Occurrence Handle10.1192/bjp.179.5.403 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnovFehtQ%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Dean E Scarr R Bradbury D Copolov (1999) ArticleTitleDecreased hippocampal (CA3) NMDA receptors in schizophrenia Synapse 32 67–69 Occurrence Handle10188640 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199904)32:1<67::AID-SYN9>3.0.CO;2-Q Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsFyqtrY%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Dobbing J Sands (1979) ArticleTitleComparative aspects of the brain growth spurt Early Hum Dev 3 79–83 Occurrence Handle118862 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0378-3782(79)90022-7 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL3c7ht1GksA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Dracheva SA Marras SL Elhakem FR Kramer KL Davis V Haroutunian (2001) ArticleTitleN-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 158 1400–1410 Occurrence Handle11532724 Occurrence Handle10.1176/appi.ajp.158.9.1400 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvovFKrsw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Duncan S Miyamoto H Gu J Lieberman B Koller J Snouwaert (2002) ArticleTitleAlterations in regional brain metabolism in genetic and pharmacological models of reduced NMDA receptor function Brain Res 951 166–176 Occurrence Handle12270494 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03156-6 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xnt1ajtbs%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NB Farber DF Wozniak MT Price J Labruyere J Huss H St Peter JW Olney (1995) ArticleTitleAge-specific neurotoxicity in the rat associated with NMDA receptor blockade: potential relevance to schizophrenia? Biol Psychiatry 38 788–796 Occurrence Handle8750036 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-3223(95)00046-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmsVWitw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • XM Gao K Sakai RC Roberts RR Conley B Dean CA Tamminga (2000) ArticleTitleIonotropic glutamate receptors and expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in subregions of human hippocampus: effects of schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 157 1141–1149 Occurrence Handle10873924 Occurrence Handle10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1141 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czjsVWgtg%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Gottlieb C Matute (1997) ArticleTitleExpression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in glial cells of the hippocampal CA1 area following transient forebrain ischemia J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 17 290–300 Occurrence Handle9119902 Occurrence Handle10.1097/00004647-199703000-00006 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisFyrsL8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S Grimwood P Slater JF Deakin PH Hutson (1999) ArticleTitleNR2B-containing NMDA receptors are up-regulated in temporal cortex in schizophrenia Neuroreport 10 461–465 Occurrence Handle10208572 Occurrence Handle10.1097/00001756-199902250-00004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisFantro%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • PJ Harrison MJ Owen (2003) ArticleTitleGenes for schizophrenia? Recent findings and their pathophysiological implications Lancet 361 417–419 Occurrence Handle12573388 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12379-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptFeisw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RH Hermans LD Longo (1994) ArticleTitleAltered catecholaminergic behavioral and hormonal responses in rats following early postnatal hypoxia Physiol Behav 55 469–475 Occurrence Handle8190763 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0031-9384(94)90102-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXis1Oitr8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DJ Hoffman JE McGowan PJ Marro OP Mishra M Delivoria-Papadopoulos (1994) ArticleTitleHypoxia-induced modification of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the brain of the newborn piglet Neurosci Lett 167 156–160 Occurrence Handle8177516 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-3940(94)91051-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivFGku70%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JC Hsu Y Zhang N Takagi JW Gurd MC Wallace L Zhang JH Eubanks (1998) ArticleTitleDecreased expression and functionality of NMDA receptor complexes persist in the CA1, but not in the dentate gyrus after transient cerebral ischemia J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18 768–775 Occurrence Handle9663507 Occurrence Handle10.1097/00004647-199807000-00008 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXks1eltrg%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Humphries A Mortimer S Hirsch J de Belleroche (1996) ArticleTitleNMDA receptor mRNA correlation with antemortem cognitive impairment in schizophrenia Neuroreport 7 2051–2055 Occurrence Handle8905723 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmvFWltr0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1097/00001756-199608120-00040

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Ikonomidou JL Mosinger KS Salles J Labruyere JW Olney (1989) ArticleTitleSensitivity of the developing rat brain to hypobaric/ischemic damage parallels sensitivity to N-methyl-aspartate neurotoxicity J Neurosci 9 2809–2818 Occurrence Handle2671294 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXlsFWnt7s%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T Ishii K Moriyoshi H Sugihara K Sakurada H Kadotani M Yokoi C Akazawa R Shigemoto N Mizuno M Masu et al. (1993) ArticleTitleMolecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits J Biol Chem 268 2836–2843 Occurrence Handle8428958 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXisVOrsbc%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DC Javitt SR Zukin (1991) ArticleTitleRecent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 148 1301–1308 Occurrence Handle1654746 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3MznslymsA%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JD Jentsch RH Roth (1999) ArticleTitleThe neuropsychopharmacology of phencyclidine: from NMDA receptor hypofunction to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia Neuropsychopharmacology 20 201–225 Occurrence Handle10063482 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00060-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsleisrs%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MV Johnston (1995) ArticleTitleNeurotransmitters and vulnerability of the developing brain Brain Dev 17 301–306 Occurrence Handle8579213 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0387-7604(95)00079-Q Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK287is1KltA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Komuro P Rakic (1993) ArticleTitleModulation of neuronal migration by NMDA receptors Science 260 95–97 Occurrence Handle8096653 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.8096653 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXitVGrsbo%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J Kornhuber F Mack-Burkhardt P Riederer GF Hebenstreit GP Reynolds HB Andrews H Beckmann (1989) ArticleTitle[3H]MK-801 binding sites in postmortem brain regions of schizophrenic patients J Neural Transm 77 231–236 Occurrence Handle2547892 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01248936 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL1MzktFOmsA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D Krajnc TA Wemlinger NH Neff M Hadjiconstantinou (1994) ArticleTitleNeonatal hypoxia: early neurotransmitter responses and the consequences of treatment with GM1 ganglioside J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271 1299–1305 Occurrence Handle7996438 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXisleltL4%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • AJ Law JF Deakin (2001) ArticleTitleAsymmetrical reductions of hippocampal NMDAR1 glutama receptor mRNA in the psychoses Neuroreport 12 2971–2974 Occurrence Handle11588613 Occurrence Handle10.1097/00001756-200109170-00043 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsFSlt74%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BK Lipska ND Halim PN Segal DR Weinberger (2002) ArticleTitleEffects of reversible inactivation of the neonatal ventral hippocampus on behavior in the adult rat J Neurosci 22 2835–2842 Occurrence Handle11923448 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisF2msL8%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Lun B Dominick J Gross (1990) ArticleTitleAn animal model of perinatal hypoxic brain damage: behavioural aspects Biomed Biochim Acta 49 1021–1026 Occurrence Handle2080902 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3M7ot1Smtg%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DR Lynch NJ Anegawa T Verdoorn DB Pritchett (1994) ArticleTitleN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors: different subunit requirements for binding of glutamate antagonists, glycine antagonists, and channel-blocking agents Mol Pharmacol 45 540–545 Occurrence Handle7511781 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitlKrt74%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MP Mattson RE Lee ME Adams PB Guthrie SB Kater (1988) ArticleTitleInteractions between entorhinal axons and target hippocampal neurons: a role for glutamate in the development of hippocampal circuitry Neuron 1 865–876 Occurrence Handle2908450 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0896-6273(88)90134-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXkvFWkurY%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JW McDonald MV Johnston (1990) ArticleTitlePhysiological and pathophysiological roles of excitatory amino acids during central nervous system development Brain Res Brain Res Rev 15 41–70 Occurrence Handle2163714 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0165-0173(90)90011-C

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JW McDonald FS Silverstein MV Johnston (1988) ArticleTitleNeurotoxicity of N-methyl-D-aspartate is markedly enhanced in developing rat central nervous system Brain Res 459 200–203 Occurrence Handle3048538 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(88)90306-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXls1Glsr4%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TF McNeil E Cantor-Graae B Ismail (2000a) ArticleTitleObstetric complications and congenital malformation in schizophrenia Brain Res Brain Res Rev 31 166–178 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00034-X Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7osFCqsA%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TF McNeil E Cantor-Graae DR Weinberger (2000b) ArticleTitleRelationship of obstetric complications and differences in size of brain structures in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 157 203–212 Occurrence Handle10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.203 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7jslKqsw%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JH Meador-Woodruff V Haroutunian KL Davis SJ Watson (1998) ArticleTitleNMDA Receptor Dysregulation In Schizophrenic Prefrontal Cortex Biol Psychiatry 43 83 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-3223(98)90725-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AR Mohn RR Gainetdinov MG Caron BH Koller (1999) ArticleTitleMice with reduced NMDA receptor expression display behaviors related to schizophrenia Cell 98 427–436 Occurrence Handle10481908 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81972-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlslWmsb0%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Monyer N Burnashev DJ Laurie B Sakmann PH Seeburg (1994) ArticleTitleDevelopmental and regional expression in the rat brain and functional properties of four NMDA receptors Neuron 12 529–540 Occurrence Handle7512349 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0896-6273(94)90210-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitlKku7w%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JT Noga TM Hyde MM Herman CF Spurney LB Bigelow DR Weinberger JE Kleinman (1997) ArticleTitleGlutamate receptors in the postmortem striatum of schizophrenic, suicide, and control brains Synapse 27 168–176 Occurrence Handle9329152 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199711)27:3<168::AID-SYN2>3.0.CO;2-B Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmsFekt7k%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JW Olney NB Farber (1995) ArticleTitleGlutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia Arch Gen Psychiatry 52 998–1007 Occurrence Handle7492260 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XotF2rtA%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G Paxinos C Watson (1986) The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates EditionNumber2 Academic Press San Diego, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • P Pearigen R Gwinn RP Simon (1996) ArticleTitleThe effects in vivo of hypoxia on brain injury Brain Res 725 184–191 Occurrence Handle8836524 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjvFCqu74%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Represa E Tremblay Y Ben-Ari (1989) ArticleTitleTransient increase of NMDA-binding sites in human hippocampus during development Neurosci Lett 99 61–66 Occurrence Handle2568608 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-3940(89)90265-6 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXit1Gqtrk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LM Ritter AS Unis JH Meador-Woodruff (2001) ArticleTitleOntogeny of ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in human fetal brain Brain Res Dev Brain Res 127 123–133 Occurrence Handle11334999 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00126-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFGisbw%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Schmidt-Kastner TF Freund (1991) ArticleTitleSelective vulnerability of the hippocampus in brain ischemia Neuroscience 40 599–636 Occurrence Handle1676492 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0306-4522(91)90001-5 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3M3oslyruw%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A Schmitt M Zink B Müller B May A Herb A Jatzko DF Braus FA Henn (2003) ArticleTitleEffects of long-term antipsychotic treatment on NMDA receptor binding and gene expression of subunits Neurochem Res 28 235–241 Occurrence Handle12608697 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1022325116309 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVems7k%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B Shukitt-Hale T Kadar BE Marlowe MJ Stillman RL Galli A Levy JA Devine HR Lieberman (1996) ArticleTitleMorphological alterations in the hippocampus following hypobaric hypoxia Hum Exp Toxicol 15 312–319 Occurrence Handle8845221 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK283ntF2luw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1177/096032719601500407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MD Simpson P Slater MC Royston JF Deakin (1992) ArticleTitleRegionally selective deficits in uptake sites for glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the basal ganglia in schizophrenia Psychiatry Res 42 273–282 Occurrence Handle1353892 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0165-1781(92)90119-N Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlslChtg%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ML Smith RN Auer BK Siesjo (1984) ArticleTitleThe density and distribution of ischemic brain injury in the rat following 2–10’min of forebrain ischemia Acta Neuropathol 64 319–332 Occurrence Handle6507048 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00690397 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL2M%2FmvVKitA%3D%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BP Sokolov (1998) ArticleTitleExpression of NMDAR1, GluR1, GluR7, and KA1’glutamate receptor mRNAs is decreased in frontal cortex of “neuroleptic-free” schizophrenics: evidence on reversible up-regulation by typical neuroleptics J Neurochem 71 2454–2464 Occurrence Handle9832144 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXns1eitL0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71062454.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W Spooren C Mombereau M Maco R Gill JA Kemp L Ozmen S Nakanishi GA Higgins (2004) ArticleTitlePharmacological and genetic evidence indicates that combined inhibition of NR2A and NR2B subunit containing NMDA receptors is required to disrupt prepulse inhibition Psychopharmacology (Berl) 175 99–105 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXms1Cnsr8%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ES Susser SP Lin (1992) ArticleTitleSchizophrenia after prenatal exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944–1945 Arch Gen Psychiatry 49 983–988 Occurrence Handle1449385 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FotVCmsw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NR Swerdlow MA Geyer DL Braff (2001) ArticleTitleNeural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156 194–215 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002130100799 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtlCqtbs%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E Tremblay MP Roisin A Represa C Charriaut-Marlangue Y Ben-Ari (1988) ArticleTitleTransient increased density of NMDA binding sites in the developing rat hippocampus Brain Res 461 393–396 Occurrence Handle2902905 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(88)90275-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlvVCju7c%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M Van den Buuse B Garner M Koch (2003) ArticleTitleNeurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia: effects on prepulse inhibition Curr Mol Med 3 459–471 Occurrence Handle12942999 Occurrence Handle10.2174/1566524033479627 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmsFOhsbo%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TG Van Erp PA Saleh IM Rosso M Huttunen J Lönnqvist T Pirkola O Salonen L Valanne VP Poutanen CG Standertskjöld-Nordenstam TD Cannon (2002) ArticleTitleContributions of genetic risk and fetal hypoxia to hippocampal volume in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, their unaffected siblings, and healthy unrelated volunteers Am J Psychiatry 159 1514–1520 Occurrence Handle12202271 Occurrence Handle10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H Verdoux JR Geddes N Takei SM Lawrie P Bovet JM Eagles R Heun RG McCreadie TF McNeil E O’Callaghan G Stober MU Willinger P Wright RM Murray (1997) ArticleTitleObstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: an international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data Am J Psychiatry 154 1220–1227 Occurrence Handle9286180 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2svjt1arsw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C Wang VM Showalter GR Hillman KM Johnson (1999) ArticleTitleChronic phencyclidine increases NMDA receptor NR1 subunit mRNA in rat forebrain J Neurosci Res 55 762–769 Occurrence Handle10220116 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990315)55:6<762::AID-JNR10>3.0.CO;2-E Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisVKrsrk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DR Weinberger (1996) ArticleTitleOn the plausibility of “the neurodevelopmental hypothesis” of schizophrenia Neuropsychopharmacology 14 1–11 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0893-133X(95)00199-N

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L Zhang JC Hsu N Takagi JW Gurd MC Wallace JH Eubanks (1997) ArticleTitleTransient global ischemia alters NMDA receptor expression in rat hippocampus: correlation with decreased immunoreactive protein levels of the NR2A/2B subunits, and an altered NMDA receptor functionality J Neurochem 69 1983–1994 Occurrence Handle9349543 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmvVKksbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69051983.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Zilles MS Qu R Kohling EJ Speckmann (1999) ArticleTitleIonotropic glutamate and GABA receptors in human epileptic neocortical tissue: quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography Neuroscience 94 1051–1061 Occurrence Handle10625047 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00392-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotVGjsbk%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K Zilles A Schleicher (1995) Correlative imaging of transmitter receptor distributions in human cortex WE Stumpf HF Solomon (Eds) Autoradiography and correlative imaging Academic Press San Diego 277–307

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

    A. Schmitt, M. Zink, M. Starke, M. Berthold & F. A. Henn

  2. Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    M. Fendt

  3. Abbott GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Ludwigshafen, Germany

    U. Ebert

  4. Department of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    A. Herb

  5. Department of Pharmacology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    G. Petroianu

  6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    A. Schmitt & P. Falkai

  7. Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland

    M. Fendt

  8. Life Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA

    F. A. Henn

Authors
  1. A. Schmitt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Fendt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Zink
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. U. Ebert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Starke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. Berthold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. A. Herb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. G. Petroianu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. P. Falkai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. F. A. Henn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schmitt, A., Fendt, M., Zink, M. et al. Altered NMDA receptor expression and behavior following postnatal hypoxia: potential relevance to schizophrenia. J Neural Transm 114, 239–248 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-006-0440-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-006-0440-7

Search

Navigation