Abstract
The analysis of morphological variation and RAPD polymorphism distinguished populations of A. herba alba from populations of A. judaica and A. monosperma. Higher morphological diversity is found in A. herba alba compared to the other two species, but molecular data derived from RAPD polymorphism also indicated that A. herba alba is more polymorphic than the other two species. However, RAPD fingerprinting also indicated sharp polymorphism among populations of both A. judaica and A. monosperma. Geographic and local ecological variations related to elevation of the sites of the examined populations may be regarded to have played a role in the genetic diversity of the examined populations of Artemisia species in the study area. The results are important for future plans for sustainable conservation of medicinal plants in Saudi Arabia. However, extensive sampling of the examined Artemisia species populations is required, and more regional data should be obtained from other distribution areas.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdalla SS, Abu Zarga MH (1987) Effects of cirsimaritin, a flavone isolated from Artemisia judaica, on isolated guinea-pig ileum. Planta Med 53:322–324
Al-Huquial A, Al-Turki TA (2006) Ecological studies on the natural vegetation at Sabkha Al-Aushaiza in Al-Gasim region Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 13:79–110
Al-Nafie A (2008) Phytogeography of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 15:159–176
Al-Rawashdeh IM (2011) Genetic variability in a medicinal plant Artemisia judaica using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Int J Agric Biol 13:279–282
Al-Shamaony L, Al-Khazraji SM, Twaij HA (1994) Hypoglycemic effect of Artemisia herba alba II. effect of a valuable extract on some blood parameters in diabetic animals. J Ethnopharmacol 43:167–171
Al-Turki TA (1997) A preliminary check list of the flora of Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Feddes Repertorium 108:259–280
Al-Turki TA, Al-Olayan HA (2003) Contribution to the flora of Saudi Arabia: Hail region. Saudi J Biol Sci 10:190–222
Badr A (2008) Molecular approaches to plant systematic and evolution. In: Proceedings of Egyptian-Swedish Symposium commemorating Vivi Taeckholm’s 110th Birthday, May 2008, vol 28. Cairo University, Egypt, pp 127–167
Badr A, Morsy W, Abdelfattah S, Shams S, Shehab A (2012) Genetic diversity in Artemisia monosperma and Artemisia judaica populations in Egypt based on morphological, karyological and molecular variations. J Med Pl Res 6:66–78
Barney JN, Ditommase A (2003) The biology of Canadian weeds. 118. Artemisia vulgaris L. Can J Plant Sci 83:205–215
Batanouny KH (1999) Wild medicinal plants in Egypt: an inventory to support conservation and sustainable use. With contributions by Aboutabl E, Shabana M and Soliman F. Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Egypt and IUCN, Switzerland
Dice LR (1945) Measure of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology 26:297–302
El-Ghanim W, Hassan LM, Galal TM, Badr A (2010) Floristic composition and vegetation analysis in Hail region north of central Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 11:119–128
El-Masry KF, El-Ghorab AH, Farouk A (2002) Antioxidant activity and volatile components of Egyptian Artemisia judaica L. Food Chem 79:331–336
El-Shazly HH, El-Mutairi Z (2006) Genetic relationships of some barley cultivars, based on morphological criteria and RAPD finger-printing. Int J Bot 2:252–260
Escudero A, Albert MJ, Pita JM, Pérez-Garcia F (2000) Inhibitory effects of Artemisia herba alba on the germination of the gypsophyte Helianthemum squamatum. Plant Ecol 148:71–80. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/2/17
Given DR (1994) Principles and Practices of Plant Conservation. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 1–12
Hasan SMZ, Shafie MSB, Shah RM (2009a) Analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of Artemisia capillaris (Wormwood capillary) in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. World Appl Sci J 6:976–986
Hasan SMZ, Shafie MSB, Shah RM (2009b) Genetic variability of Artemisia capillaris (Wormwood capillary) by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in Terengganu State. Malaysia Afr J Biotech 8:1810–1814
Henry RJ (Ed.) (2001) Plant genotyping: the DNA fingerprinting of plants. CABI Publishing, Oxford
Lai H, Singh NP (2006) Oral artemisinin prevents and delays the development of 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) –induced breast cancer in the rat. Cancer Lett 231:43–48
Ling YR (1993) Study on the systematic evolvement and classification Compositae and relation between Artemisia L. and its alliance. J Botanze 13:168–173
Mighid AM (1996) Flora of Saudi Arabia, vol. I, II and III, 4 edn. King Abdul Aziz University Press, Jeddah
Mohsen H, Ali F (2008) Study of genetic polymorphism of Artemisia herba alba from Tunisia using ISSR markers. Afr J Biotechnol 7:44–50
Nazar N, Mahmood T (2010) Morphological and molecular characterization of selected Artemisia species from Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Acta Physiol Plant. Published Online 23 June 2010 doi:10.1007/s11738-010-0545-3
Neerman MF (2003) Sesquiterpene lactones: a diverse class of compounds found in essential oils possessing antibacterial and antifungal properties. Int J Aroma 13:114–120
Nofal SM, Mahmoud SS, Ramadan A, Soliman GA, Fawzy R (2009) Anti- Diabetic effect of Artemisia judaica extracts. Res J Med Med Sci 4:42–48
Oberprieler Ch, Vogt R, Watson LE (2007) Tribe Anthemideae. Flowering plants. Eudicots. Asterales In JW Kadereit, C Jeffrey; eds, Vol VIII. In: Kubitzki K (ed) The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidel-berg
Pellicer J, Vallès J, Korobkov AA, Garnatje T (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of Artemisia subg. Dracunculus (Asteraceae) based on ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences. Taxon 60:691–704
Rohlf FJ (2002) NTSYS-pc Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Applied Biostatistics Inc, New York
Saghai-Maroof MA, Soliman KM, Jorgensen RA, Allard RW (1984) Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphism in barley. Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:8014–8018
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstruction phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
Salido S, Valenzuela LR, Altarejos J, Nogueras M, Sanchez A, Cano E (2004) Composition and infraspecific variability of Artemisia herbaalba from southern Spain. Biochem Syst Ecol 32:265–277
Sanz M, Vilatersala R, Hidalgo O, Garcia JN, Susanna A, Gerald M, Schneeweiss M, Vallès J (2008) Molecular phylogeny and evolution of floral characters of Artemisia and allies (Anthemideae, Asteraceae): evidence form nrDNA ETS and ITS sequences. Taxon 57:68–78
Shanawany MA (1996) Plants used in the Saudi folk medicine. King Abdulaziz City for Sciences and Technology Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (In Arabic)
Sharawy SM, Alshammari AM (2008) Checklist of poisonous plants and animals in Aja Mountain, Hail region, Saudi Arabia. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 3:2217–2225
Singh N, Lai H (2001) Selective toxicity of dihydroartemisinin and holotransferin toward human breast cancer cells. Life Sciences 70:49–56
Sokal RR, Michener CD (1958) A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. Univ Kansas Sci Bull 28:1409–1438
Tkach NV, Hoffmann MH, Roser M, Korobkov AA, Hagen KBV (2007) Parallel evolutionary patterns in multiple lineages of the Arctic Artemista L. (Asteraceae). Evol 62:184–194
Torrell M, Vallès J (2001) Genome size in 21 Aretmisia L. species (Asteraceae, Anthemideae): systematic, evolutionary, and ecological implications. Genome 44:231–238
Torrell M, Garcia-Jacas N, Susanna A, Vallès J (1999) Infrageneric phylogeny of the genus Ar-temisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) based on nu-cleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA inter-nal transcribed spacers (ITS). Taxon 48:721–736
Vallès J, Garnatje T (2005) Artemisia and its allies: genome organization and evolution and their biosystametic, taxonomical and phylogenetic implications in Artemisiinae and related subtribes (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). In: Sharma A (ed) plant genome: biodiversity and evolution, vol 1B, Phanerogams. Science Publishers, Enfield, pp 255–285
Vallès J, McArthur ED (2001) Artemisia systematics and phylogeny: cytogenetic and molecular insights. In: McArthur ED, Fairbanks DJ (eds) Proceedings Shrub land ecosystem genetics and biodiversity June 13–15, 2000 Provo, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain research station, Ogden, pp 67–74
Vallès J, Torrell M, Garnatje T, Garcia-Jacas N, Vilatersana R, Susanna A (2003) Genus Artemisia and its allies, phylogeny of the subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae, Anthemidea) based on nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Plant Biol 5:274–284
Watson LE, Bates PL, Evans TM, Unwin MM, Estes JR (2002) Molecular Phylogeny of subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate genera. BMC Evol Biol 2:17–29. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-2-17
Williams JGK, Kubelk R, Livark KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990) DNA polymorphism amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucl Acid Res 18:6231–6235
Wolfe AD, Liston A (1998) Contributions of PCR-based methods to plant systematics and evolutionary biology. In: Soltis PS, Doyle JJ, Soltis DE (eds) Plant Molecular Systematics II. Kluwer, Boston, pp 43–86
Young J, Longland W, Blank R (1996) Management of woody species of Artemisia in western North America. In:Caligari P, Hind D (eds) Compositae: biology and utilization. Proceedings of international compositae conference, 1994 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2:271–290
Zahran M (1983) Introduction to plant ecology and vegetation types in Saudi Arabia. Jeddah King Abdul Aziz University Press, Saudi Arabia
Zeng HY, Alan AR, Saxena PK (2009) Evaluation of in vitro shoots of Artemisia judaica for allelopathic potential. Acta Physiol Plant 31:1237–1248
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Badr, A., El-Shazly, H.H., Helail, N.S. et al. Genetic diversity of Artemisia populations in central and north Saudi Arabia based on morphological variation and RAPD polymorphism. Plant Syst Evol 298, 871–886 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0597-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0597-5