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Cytogenetics, geographical distribution, pollen stainability and fecundity of five diploid taxa of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. aggregate (Asteraceae: Anthemideae)

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Abstract

The chromosome analysis of Santolina rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia, S. oblongifolia, S. semidentata subsp. semidentata, S. semidentata subsp. melidensis, S. canescens and the hybrid complex (S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia, S. oblongifolia and their putative hybrids) shows that all the taxa are diploids (2n = 2x = 18; 18 + 1 or more B chromosomes, with 2n = 19, 20 only in the hybrid complex). The results show a conserved general structure of the karyotype (14m + 2sm + 2st), but in S. semidentata subsp. melidensis it is variable, with 14m + 2sm + 2st in ten individuals, 14m + (1m − 1sm) + (1 m − 1st) in nine individuals and 12m + (1m − 1sm) + (1m − 1st) + 2st + 1B in five individuals. Tetraploid individuals occurred in the diploid populations of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia and S. canescens, and their autopolyploid origin is discussed. Multivalent configurations at diakinesis, simple and double chromosome bridges and delayed disjunction of homologous and non-homologous chromosomes at anaphase I have negative effects on pollen stainability. The mean fructification percentage is moderate. The results suggest that the complex is a mosaic of introgressive hybrids.

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Acknowledgments

I thank the Instituto National de Meteorología for weather data on the study areas. I am grateful to Prof. P. Brandham, Prof. S. Talavera and Dr. A. Aparicio Martínez for comments and for their time, to Roger Churchill and P. Brandham for help with the English version of the manuscript, to Dr. F. J. Salgueiro for his collaboration on scanning the images, and to my friends J. Cabarga, J. M. Higueras Carranza, J. García López and A. Ojeda Ramírez for their help.

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  1. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain

    Aixa O. Rivero-Guerra

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Correspondence to Aixa O. Rivero-Guerra.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 6 Summary of karyotype of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia (ROS), S. oblongifolia (OBL), S. semidentata subsp. semidentata (SEM), S. semidentata subsp. melidensis (MEL), S. canescens (CAN) and in the hybrid complex (MIX) of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia, S. oblongifolia and their putative hybrids (HYB)
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Table 7 Summary of meiotic configuration frequency of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia (ROS), S. oblongifolia (OBL), S. semidentata subsp. semidentata (SEM), S. semidentata subsp. melidensis (MEL), S. canescens (CAN) and in the hybrid complex (MIX) of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia, S. oblongifolia and their putative hybrids (HYB)
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Table 8 Summary of chiasma frequency of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia (ROS), S. oblongifolia (OBL), S. semidentata subsp. semidentata (SEM), S. semidentata subsp. melidensis (MEL), S. canescens (CAN) and in the hybrid complex (MIX) of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia, S. oblongifolia and their putative hybrids (HYB)
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Table 9 Proportion (%) of meiocytes displaying abnormal anaphase in S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia (ROS), S. oblongifolia (OBL), S. semidentata subsp. semidentata (SEM), S. semidentata subsp. melidensis (MEL), S. canescens (CAN) and in the hybrid complex (MIX) of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia, S. oblongifolia and their putative hybrids (HYB)
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Table 10 Variability of the PCA factors of the meiotic characteristic by means of nested MANOVA aimed at detecting variation between and within taxa and within the hybrid complex. Variance components are shown in parenthesis
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Table 11 Summary of pollen stainability of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia (ROS), S. oblongifolia (OBL), S. semidentata subsp. semidentata (SEM), S. semidentata subsp. melidensis (MEL), S. canescens (CAN) and in the hybrid complex (MIX) of S. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia, S. oblongifolia and their putative hybrids (HYB)
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Rivero-Guerra, A.O. Cytogenetics, geographical distribution, pollen stainability and fecundity of five diploid taxa of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. aggregate (Asteraceae: Anthemideae). Plant Syst Evol 281, 17–34 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0180-x

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