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Dual-state dual emission from precise chemically engineered bi-ligand MOF free from encapsulation and functionalization with self-calibration model for visual detection

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Abstract

Synthesis of dual-state dual emitting metal–organic frameworks (DSDE-MOFs) is uncommon and challenging. Additionally, DSDE-MOFs can fulfil the expanding need for on-site detection due to their stability and self-reference for a variety of non-analyte variables. In the present work, a novel intrinsic DSDE of chemically engineered bi-ligand Eu-based MOF (UoZ-1) was designed. The prepared UoZ-1 spherical particles were small-sized around 10–12 nm and displayed blue (425 nm) and red fluorescence (620 nm) at both states, dispersed in liquid and in solid state, when excited at 250 nm. A ratiometry platform was developed since the red emission was quenched by the addition of folic acid and the blue emission was almost remained unaffected. In the fluorometric ratiometric-mode, a dynamic linear range was recorded from 10 to 200 µM with LOD about 0.4 µM. Visual-based detection with assistance of smartphone was developed for quantification based on RGB analysis using Color Grab App. In the visual-mode, LOD as small as 2.3 µM was recorded. By utilizing the intrinsic dual-emitting UoZ-1, highly stable, recyclable, sensitive, and selective on-site visual detection of folic acid can be achieved. UoZ-1, a DSDE-MOF with no encapsulation or functionalization requirements, exhibits great potential for diverse applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research through the project number IFP-IMSIU-2023100. The authors also appreciate the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) for supporting and supervising this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Kurdistan, Iraq

    Sameera Sh. Mohammed Ameen

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, 44001, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Idrees B. Qader & Hemn A. Qader

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Faisal K. Algethami & Babiker Y. Abdulkhair

  4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Sulaimani, Qliasan Street, Slemani City, 460002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Khalid M. Omer

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  1. Sameera Sh. Mohammed Ameen
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  3. Hemn A. Qader
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Correspondence to Khalid M. Omer.

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Ameen, S.S.M., Qader, I.B., Qader, H.A. et al. Dual-state dual emission from precise chemically engineered bi-ligand MOF free from encapsulation and functionalization with self-calibration model for visual detection. Microchim Acta 191, 62 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-06148-5

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