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Electrochemical approaches based on micro- and nanomaterials for diagnosing oxidative stress

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Abstract  

This review article comprehensively discusses the various electrochemical approaches for measuring and detecting oxidative stress biomarkers and enzymes, particularly reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, highly reactive chemical molecules, which are the byproducts of normal aerobic metabolism and can oxidize cellular components such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. First, we address the latest research on the electrochemical determination of reactive oxygen species generating enzymes, followed by detection of oxidative stress biomarkers, and final determination of total antioxidant activity (endogenous and exogenous). Most electrochemical sensing platforms exploited the unique properties of micro- and nanomaterials such as carbon nanomaterials, metal or metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), conductive polymers and metal-nano compounds, which have been mainly used for enhancing the electrocatalytic response of sensors/biosensors. The performance of the electroanalytical devices commonly measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in terms of detection limit, sensitivity, and linear range of detection is also discussed. This article provides a comprehensive review of electrode fabrication, characterization and evaluation of their performances, which are assisting to design and manufacture an appropriate electrochemical (bio)sensor for medical and clinical applications. The key points such as accessibility, affordability, rapidity, low cost, and high sensitivity of the electrochemical sensing devices are also highlighted for the diagnosis of oxidative stress. Overall, this review brings a timely discussion on past and current approaches for developing electrochemical sensors and biosensors mainly based on micro and nanomaterials for the diagnosis of oxidative stress.

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Acknowledgements 

We acknowledge the Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Research and Technology Vice-Chancellor (grant number: 980210464).

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  1. Mahdi Jamshidi and Madasamy Thangamuthu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Mahdi Jamshidi & Akram Ranjbar

  2. Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Mahdi Jamshidi & Akram Ranjbar

  3. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Microbiology for Materials and the Environment, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, Nancy, France

    Alain Walcarius

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK

    Madasamy Thangamuthu

  5. Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran

    Masoud Mehrgardi

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Jamshidi, M., Walcarius, A., Thangamuthu, M. et al. Electrochemical approaches based on micro- and nanomaterials for diagnosing oxidative stress. Microchim Acta 190, 117 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05681-7

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