Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecularly imprinted probe based on CdTe QDs and magnetic nanoparticles for selective recognition of malachite green in seawater and its sensing mechanisms

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A magnetic molecularly imprinted probe (MMIP@QD) was synthesized by reverse microemulsion method using CdTe QDs, Fe3O4, and molecularly imprinted polymer as the fluorophore, magnetic carrier, and recognition sites, respectively. The nanoparticle was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). In the optimal experimental condition, fluorescent emission intensity (measured at excitation wavelengths of 350 nm) was quenched linearly with increasing malachite green (MG) concentration from 0.8 to 28.0 μM with LOD of 0.67 μM. Simultaneously, it was observed that the maximum absorption wavelength was blue shifted gradually with the increase of MG concentration. The inner filter effect, static quenching, and band gap transition were interpreted as the mechanisms of fluorescence quenching and wavelength shift. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the quenching reaction proceeded spontaneously. The developed sensor was applied to detect MG in seawater samples. Satisfactory recoveries of MG in spiked seawater ranged from 83.6 to 122.1% with RSD < 1.8%.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bhavani R, Sivasamy A (2016) Sonocatalytic degradation of malachite green oxalate by a semiconductor metal oxide nanocatalyst. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 134:403–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kagalkar AN, Jadhav MU, Bapar VA, Govindwar SP (2011) Phytodegradation of the triphenylmethane dye malachite green mediated by cell suspension cultures of Blumea malcolmii Hook. Bioresour Technol 102:10312–10318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ren QG, Kong CC, Chen ZH, Zhou JD, Li WM, Li DY, Cui ZJ, Xue YH, Lu YH (2021) Ultrasonic assisted electrochemical degradation of malachite green in wastewater. Microchem J 164:106059

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Heleyel M, Elhami S (2019) Sensitive, simple and rapid colorimetric detection of malachite green in water, salmon and canned tuna samples based on gold nanoparticles. J Sci Food Agric 99:1919–1925

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Doerge DR, Churchwell MI, Gehring TA, Pu YM, Plakas SM (1998) Analysis of malachite green and metabolites in fish using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 12:1625–1634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Xie J, Peng T, Chen DD, Zhang QJ, Wang GM, Wang X, Guo Q, Jiang F, Chen D, Deng J (2013) Determination of malachite green, crystal violet and their leuco-metabolites in fish by HPLC-VIS detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 913:123–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Furusawa N (2014) An isocratic toxic chemical-free mobile phase HPLC-PDA analysis of malachite green and leuco-malachite green. Chromatography 1:75–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rushing LG, Hansen EB (1997) Confirmation of malachite green, gentian violet and their leuco analogs in catfish and trout tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing electrochemistry with ultraviolet-visible diode array detection and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B 700:223–231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Maxwell EJ, Tong WG (2016) Sensitive detection of malachite green and crystal violet by nonlinear laser wave mixing and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1020:29–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gao BJ, Lu JH, Chen ZP, Guo JF (2009) Preparation and recognition performance of cholic acid-imprinted material prepared with novel surface-imprinting technique. Polymer 50:3275–3284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Li L, He XW, Chen LX, Zhang YK (2009) Preparation of core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for recognition of bovine hemoglobin. Chem Asian J 4:286–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Guo WL, Hu W, Pan JM, Zhou HC, Guan W, Wang X, Dai JD, Xu LC (2011) Selective adsorption and separation of BPA from aqueous solution using novel molecularly imprinted polymers based on kaolinite/Fe3O4 composites. Chem Eng J 171:603–611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen SJ, Su X, Yuan CB, Jia CQ, Qiao Y, Li YZ, Zou LK, Ao XL, Liu AP (2021) A magnetic phosphorescence molecularly imprinted polymers probe based on manganese-doped ZnS quantum dots for rapid detection of trace norfloxacin residual in food. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 253:119577

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cui ZM, Li ZY, Jin YT, Ren TT, Chen JA, Wang XH, Zhang KL, Tang LJ, Tang YW, Cao MR (2020) Novel magnetic fluorescence probe based on carbon quantum dots-doped molecularly imprinted polymer for AHLs signaling molecules sensing in fish juice and milk. Food Chem 328:127063

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ming WN, Wang XY, Lu WH, Zhang Z, Song XL, Li JH, Chen LX (2017) Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the fluorescent detection of trace 17β-estradiol in environmental water. Sens Actuators, B Chem 238:1309–1315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Li J, Zhao XW, Zhao YJ, Hu J, Xu M, Gu ZZ (2009) Colloidal crystal beads coated with multicolor CdTe quantum dots: microcarriers for optical encoding and fluorescence enhancement. J Mater Chem 19:6492–6497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hao LC, Chen XH, Liu DY, Bian Y, Zhao WK, Tang K, Zhang R, Zheng YD, Gu SL (2020) Charge transfer dynamics of the CdTe quantum dots fluorescence quenching induced by ferrous (II) ions. Appl Phys Lett 116:012105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang ZX, Zhou J, Liu Y, Tang J, Tang WH (2015) Cyclodextrin capped CdTe quantum dots as versatile fluorescence sensors for nitrophenol isomers. Nanoscale 7:19540–19546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu YH, Lian ZR, Li FF, Majid A, Wang JT (2021) Review on molecular imprinting technology and its application in pre-treatment and detection of marine organic pollutants. Mar Pollut Bull 169:112541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Feng YS, Liu LW, Hu SY, Zou P, Zhang JQ, Huang C, Wang Y, Wang SH, Zhang XH (2016) Efficient fluorescence energy transfer system between fluorescein isothiocyanate and CdTe quantum dots for the detection of silver ions. Luminescence 31:356–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu HC, Ding L, Chen LG, Chen YH, Zhou TY, Li HY, Xu Y, Zhao L, Huang N (2019) A facile, green synthesis of biomass carbon dots coupled with molecularly imprinted polymers for highly selective detection of oxytetracycline. J Ind Eng Chem 69:455–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sun X, Liu YR, Niu N, Chen LG (2019) Synthesis of molecularly imprinted fluorescent probe based on biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for detection of mesotrione. Anal Bioanal Chem 411:5519–5530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu Y, Liu BW, Huang PC, Wu FY, Ma LH (2021) Concentration-dependent photoluminescence carbon dots for visual recognition and detection of three tetracyclines. Anal Bioanal Chem 413:2565–2575

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Qin D, Wang JT, Ge CZ, Lian ZR (2019) Fast extraction of chloramphenicol from marine sediments by using magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 186:428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wu SL, Dou J, Zhang J, Zhang SF (2012) A simple and economical one-pot method to synthesize high-quality water soluble CdTe QDs. J Mater Chem 22:14573–14578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. E. Ying, D. Li, S. J. Guo, S. J. Dong, J. Wang. Synthesis and bio-imaging application of highly luminescent mercaptosuccinic acid-coated CdTe nanocrystals, Plos One (2008), 3.

  27. Lin ZZ, Li WJ, Chen QC, Peng AH, Huang ZY (2019) Rapid detection of malachite green in fish with a fluorescence probe of molecularly imprinted polymer. Int J Polym Anal Charact 24:121–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. T. Shi, H. L. Fu, L. J. Tan. J. T. Wang, CdTe quantum dots coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer for fluorometric determination of norfloxacin in seawater, Microchim Acta (2019), 186: 362.

  29. Han S, Li X, Wang Y, Su C (2014) A core–shell Fe3O4 nanoparticle–CdTe quantum dot–molecularly imprinted polymer composite for recognition and separation of 4-nonylphenol. Anal Methods 6:2855–2861

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhou ZP, Li T, Xu WZ, Huang WH, Wang NW, Yang WM (2017) Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence molecularly imprinted polymers as sensor for highly sensitive detection of dibutyl phthalate from tap water samples. Sens Actuators, B Chem 240:1114–1122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jiang LY, Liu HJ, Li M, Xing Y, Ren XQ (2016) Surface molecular imprinting on CdTe quantum dots for fluorescence sensing of 4-nitrophenol. Anal Methods 8:2226–2232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Li HX, Na GS, Wu XL, Zhou CG, Fu YN, Yao ZW (2009) Study on toxicity of malachite green on two species of algae. Environ Chem 28:225–228

    Google Scholar 

  33. Chen S, Yu YL, Wang JH (2018) Inner filter effect-based fluorescent sensing systems: a review. Anal Chim Acta 999:13–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. R. El-Shaheny, S. Yoshida, T. Fuchigami, Graphene quantum dots as a nanoprobe for analysis of o-and p-nitrophenols in environmental water adopting conventional fluorometry and smartphone image processing-assisted paper-based analytical device. In-depth study of sensing mechanisms, Microchemical Journal (2020), 158:105241

  35. Zhou CQ, He XX, Ya DM, Zhong J, Deng BY (2017) One step hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphitic quantum dots as a fluorescent sensing strategy for highly sensitive detection of metacycline in mice plasma. Sens Actuators, B Chem 249:256–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gehlen MH (2020) The centenary of the Stern-Volmer equation of fluorescence quenching: from the single line plot to the SV quenching map. J Photochem Photobiol, C 42:100338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bharadwaj K, Choudhary H, Hazra S, Ghosh S (2020) Study of interfacial charge transfer from an electron rich organic molecule to CdTe quantum dot by using Stern-Volmer and stochastic kinetic models. ChemPhysChem 21:415–422

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Yang L, Wen JX, Li KJ, Liu L, Wang W (2021) Carbon quantum dots: comprehensively understanding of the internal quenching mechanism and application for catechol detection. Sens Actuators, B Chem 333:129557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. He WY, Li Y, Xue CX, Hu ZD, Chen XG, Sheng FL (2005) Effect of Chinese medicine alpinetin on the structure of human serum albumin. Bioorg Med Chem 13:1837–1845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ding L, Zhou PJ, Li SQ, Shi GY, Zhong T, Wu M (2011) Spectroscopic studies on the thermodynamics of L-cysteine capped CdSe/CdS quantum dots-BSA interactions. J Fluoresc 21:17–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Dong JX, Li ZF, Wang Y, Jin MJ, Shen YD, Xu ZL, Abd El-Aty AM, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Sun YM (2021) Generation of functional single-chain fragment variable from hybridoma and development of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for determination of total malachite green in tilapia fish. Food Chem 337:127780

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lian ZR, Wang JT (2012) Molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of malachite green from seawater and seafood coupled with high-performance liquid chromatographic determination. Mar Pollut Bull 64:2652–2662

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Zhang TQ, Yang HS, Li Q (2007) Determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in aquatic water by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Fisheries of China 31:669–703

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41876078), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (No. 2019YFC1407802), and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. ZR2018MD016).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Yuhua Liu, Liju Tan, Kunpeng Wang & Jiangtao Wang

Authors
  1. Yuhua Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Liju Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kunpeng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jiangtao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiangtao Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 2630 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, Y., Tan, L., Wang, K. et al. Molecularly imprinted probe based on CdTe QDs and magnetic nanoparticles for selective recognition of malachite green in seawater and its sensing mechanisms. Microchim Acta 190, 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05579-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05579-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation