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Electrochemical α-fetoprotein immunosensor based on Fe3O4NPs@covalent organic framework decorated gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles including SiO2@TiO2

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Abstract

The early diagnosis of major diseases such as cancer is typically a major issue for humanity. Human α-fetoprotein (AFP) as a sialylated glycoprotein is of approximately 68 kD molecular weight and is considered to be a key biomarker, and an increase in its level indicates the presence of liver, testicular, or gastric cancer. In this study, an electrochemical AFP immunosensor based on Fe3O4NPs@covalent organic framework decorated gold nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs@COF/AuNPs) for the electrode platform and double-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based on SiO2@TiO2 (MNPs@SiO2@TiO2) nanocomposites for the signal amplification was fabricated. The immobilization of anti-AFP capture antibody was successfully performed on Fe3O4 NPs@COF/AuNPs modified electrode surface by amino-gold affinity, while the conjugation of anti-AFP secondary antibody on MNPs@SiO2@TiO2 was achieved by the electrostatic/ionic interactions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to characterize the nanostructures in terms of physical and electrochemical features. The limit of detection (LOD) was 3.30 fg mL−1. The findings revealed that the proposed electrochemical AFP immunosensor can be effectively used to diagnose cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey

    Ömer Saltuk Bölükbaşi

  2. Department of Engineering Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey

    Bahar Bankoğlu Yola

  3. Department of Electricity and Energy, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Ceren Karaman

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey

    Necip Atar

  5. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey

    Mehmet Lütfi Yola

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  1. Ömer Saltuk Bölükbaşi
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  2. Bahar Bankoğlu Yola
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Bölükbaşi, Ö.S., Yola, B.B., Karaman, C. et al. Electrochemical α-fetoprotein immunosensor based on Fe3O4NPs@covalent organic framework decorated gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles including SiO2@TiO2. Microchim Acta 189, 242 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05344-z

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