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A photochemical approach to anchor Au NPs on MXene as a prominent SERS substrate for ultrasensitive detection of chlorpromazine

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Abstract

As a novel two-dimensional (2D) material, metal carbide (MXene) has been identified as a hotspot research topic in the field of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Herein, we report the increment of SERS activity of titanium carbide (TiC) by incorporation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by a facile photoreduction process for the detection of antipsychotic drug. TiC anchored with Au NPs produce a remarkable SERS enhancement by the synergistic action of chemical and electromagnetic mechanisms. The hotspots are formed in the nanometer-scale gaps between Au NPs on the TiC surface for the effective interaction with probe molecules. The proposed TiC/Au-NPs SERS substrate was employed for the detection of chlorpromazine (CPZ) with the wide linear range of 10−1–10−10 M and the ultra-low limit of detection of 3.92 × 10−11 M. Besides, the SERS effect of the optimized TiC/Au-NPs for the 532 nm excitation exhibits the enhancement factor in the order of 109 with the relative standard deviation of < 13% for the uniformity and < 8.80% for the reproducibility. To ensure the practical feasibility of the proposed TiC/Au-NPs SERS substrate, the spike and recovery method was used for the detection of CPZ in human biological fluids like urine and saliva. This work can open up a new approach to improve the SERS activity of MXene-based SERS substrate for practical applications, especially the determination of antipsychotic drugs in environmental pollution management.

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Funding

This work was being financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan, under grants MOST 107–2221-E-027–079-MY3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan

    Nazar Riswana Barveen & Tzyy-Jiann Wang

  2. Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan

    Nazar Riswana Barveen & Yu-Hsu Chang

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  1. Nazar Riswana Barveen
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  2. Tzyy-Jiann Wang
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  3. Yu-Hsu Chang
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Correspondence to Tzyy-Jiann Wang.

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Barveen, N.R., Wang, TJ. & Chang, YH. A photochemical approach to anchor Au NPs on MXene as a prominent SERS substrate for ultrasensitive detection of chlorpromazine. Microchim Acta 189, 16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-05118-z

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