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Applications of three-dimensional graphenes for preconcentration, extraction, and sorption of chemical species: a review

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Abstract

This review (with 115 refs) summarizes applications of 3-dimensional graphene (3DGs) and its derivatives in the fields of preconcentration, extraction, and sorption. Following an introduction into the field (including a definition of the materials treated here), the properties and synthetic strategies for 3DGs are described. The next section covers applications of 3DG-based adsorbents in solid phase extraction of organic species including drugs, phthalate esters, chlorophenols, aflatoxins, insecticides, and pesticides. Another section treats applications of 3DGs in solid phase microextraction of species such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and pesticides. We also describe how the efficiency of assays may be improved by using these materials as a sorbent. A final section covers conclusions and perspectives.

Schematic presentation of synthesis of three-dimensional graphene (3DG) from two-dimensional graphene (2DG) with self-assembly, template-assisted and direct deposition methods. Application of 3DG-based nanoadsorbents in direct immersion-solid phase microextraction (DI-SPME), headspace-SPME (HS-SPME), magnetic-solid phase extraction (Magnetic-SPE), dispersive-SPE, and magnetic sheet-SPE.

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Abbreviations

CVD:

chemical vapor deposition

DESs:

Deep eutectic solvents

3DG:

three-dimensional graphene(s)

GO:

graphene oxide

LPME:

liquid phase microextraction

MAE:

microwave-assisted extraction

MNPs:

magnetic nanoparticles

NPs:

nanoparticles

r-GO:

reduced graphene oxide

SPE:

solid-phase extraction

SPME:

solid-phase microextraction

UAME:

ultrasound assisted microextraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran

    Nina Nouri & Hassan Sereshti

  2. Standard Research Institute, Karaj, 3174734563, Iran

    Parisa Khorram

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  1. Nina Nouri
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  2. Parisa Khorram
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  3. Hassan Sereshti
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Correspondence to Hassan Sereshti.

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Nouri, N., Khorram, P. & Sereshti, H. Applications of three-dimensional graphenes for preconcentration, extraction, and sorption of chemical species: a review. Microchim Acta 186, 232 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3324-x

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