Abstract
When subjected to significant loading, damage occurs in rock, leading to degradation of mechanical properties and increased wave attenuation. Although wave propagation in porous and jointed rocks has been extensively studied, influences of damage evolution on wave propagation are not fully understood. In this study, damage evolution and its influence on ultrasonic wave propagation in unconfined uniaxially loaded granite specimens were experimentally investigated. Granite specimen was firstly compressed to a certain load to generate damage and then unloaded immediately. The stress-driven damages in granite specimens during and after loading were quantified by acoustic emission and micro-CT scanning, respectively. Meanwhile, ultrasonic wave propagation in granite specimen along the loading direction was measured during and after loading, respectively. Results showed that the stress-driven damage in granite specimen is highly nonlinear, it increases drastically to the peak when the axial stress approaches the peak point. The stress-driven damage during loading is higher than that after loading. Wave propagation in granite is stress-dependent during compression. Both wave amplitude and velocity increase first and then decrease before the axial stress increasing to approximately 60 and 90% of the uniaxial compressive strength of the granite, respectively. However, compared with wave velocity, wave amplitude is more sensitive to stress and the stress-driven damage. The findings of this study could facilitate a better understanding of the relationship between damage evolution and wave propagation and attenuation in rocks.
Highlights
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The acoustic emission and micro-CT scanning can be adopted to quantify stress-driven damage in granite specimens.
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Wave amplitude is much more sensitive to stress and the stress-driven damage than wave velocity.
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Wave propagation is affected by the competition between the enhancing effect due to closure of initial cracks and the weakening effect due to generation of new cracks.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. H. Yang from Hong Kong Polytechnic University for her support in processing ultrasonic wave propagation data. This research is financially supported by the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams (No. 2019ZT08G315), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52004161, 52274090) and Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Nos. JCYJ20210324093400001, JCYJ20210324093402006, JCYJ20220818095605012). A portion of this manuscript was reported in a conference (Zhou and Zhu 2018).
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Zhou, T., Han, D. & Zhu, J. An Experimental Study of Damage Evolution in Granite Under Compression and Its Influence on Wave Propagation. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56, 3413–3427 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03217-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03217-2