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A Case Study on the Strata Movement Mechanism and Surface Deformation Regulation in Chengchao Underground Iron Mine

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Abstract

The regular pattern of surface deformation and the mechanism of underground strata movement, especially in iron mines constructed with the block caving method, have a great influence on infrastructure on the surface, so they are an important topic for research. Based on the engineering geology conditions and the surface deformation and fracture features in Chengchao Iron Mine, the mechanism of strata movement and the regular pattern of surface deformation in the footwall were studied by the geomechanical method, and the following conclusions can be drawn: I. The surface deformation process is divided into two stages over time, i.e., the chimney caving development stage and the post-chimney deformation stage. Currently, the surface deformation in Chengchao Iron Mine is at the post-chimney deformation stage. II. At the post-chimney deformation stage, the surface deformation and geological hazards in Chengchao Iron Mine are primarily controlled by the NWW-trending joints, with the phenomenon of toppling deformation and failure on the surface. Based on the surface deformation characteristics in Chengchao Iron Mine, the surface deformation area can be divided into the following four zones: the fracture extension zone, the fracture closure zone, the fracture formation zone and the deformation accumulation zone. The zones on the surface can be determined by the surface deformation characteristics. III. The cantilever beams near the chimney caving area, caused by the NWW-trending joints, have been subjected to toppling failure. This causes the different deformation and failure mechanisms in different locations of the deep rock mass. The deep rock can be divided into four zones, i.e., the fracture zone, fracture transition zone, deformation zone and undisturbed zone, according to the different deformation and failure mechanisms. The zones in the deep rock are the reason for the zones on the surface, so they can be determined by the zones on the surface. Through these findings, the degree of damage to the infrastructure in different locations can be determined based on the surface deformation zones. As the mining continues deeper, the development regulation of the zones on the surface and in deep rock mass can be further studied based on the zones in the deep rock.

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Abbreviations

p i :

Normal force

η :

Stress equivalent coefficient

\( \bar{h}_{i} \) :

Average height of the cantilever beam

h i :

Height of the cantilever beam at side i

X i :

Length from the position of tensile failure to position P i at side i

T i :

Tangential force at side i

μ i :

Coefficient of friction

t i :

Thickness of the cantilever beam

I i :

Momentum of inertia

S i :

Tangential component of gravity

N i :

Normal component of gravity

A i :

Cross-sectional area of cantilever beam

W i :

Gravity of cantilever beam

σ t :

Tensile strength of the cantilever beam

K :

Lateral pressure coefficient

γ :

Unit weight of material

α :

Cantilever beam dip angle

φ i :

Joint friction angle

σ 1 :

Maximum principal stress of the in situ stress

σ 2 :

Intermediate principal stress of the in situ stress

σ 3 :

Minimum principal stress of the in situ stress

H :

Depth from the surface

D :

Mining depth

i :

Number of the cantilever beam

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Acknowledgements

This research work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Plan (973) (Grant Nos. 2014CB047100 and 2011CB013500) and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 51279024).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China

    Guanwen Cheng, Tianhui Ma & Chunan Tang

  2. Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China

    Congxin Chen

  3. School of Engineering and ICT, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Hongyuan Liu

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  1. Guanwen Cheng
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  2. Congxin Chen
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  3. Tianhui Ma
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  4. Hongyuan Liu
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  5. Chunan Tang
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Correspondence to Tianhui Ma.

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Cheng, G., Chen, C., Ma, T. et al. A Case Study on the Strata Movement Mechanism and Surface Deformation Regulation in Chengchao Underground Iron Mine. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50, 1011–1032 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1132-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1132-8

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