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Evaluation of fertility hormones and biochemical stress initiated by toxicant in diet prepared with fish smoked with polyethylene (plastic) materials as a fuel source

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Abstract

Fertility hormones are instrumental in sexuality and fertility. Environmental toxicants have been proven to exert detrimental effects on ovaries causing various reproductive problems hence the research goal. The research aimed to evaluate fertility hormones and biochemical stress initiated by toxicant in diet prepared with fish smoked with polyethylene (plastic) materials as a fuel source. Twenty female Wistar rats were grouped into four of five rats each: A received 100% rat pellets only, B received 60% pellets + 40% fish smoked with polyethylene materials, C was given 50% pellets + 40% fish smoked with polyethylene + 10% clove seeds, and D was given 50% pellets + 40% fish smoked with polyethylene + 5% Vit. E (1000 IU) + 5% clove seeds. Feeding took 30 days. Hormonal and biochemical indices were analyzed. Numerous phytoconstituents of the clove seeds were revealed. The significant (p > 0.05) reduction of progesterone level, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and follicle-stimulating hormone and in groups B, C, and D as against the normal control group. Total protein concentration decreased in a similar manner. Cholesterol increased in all the test groups against group 1. Increased triacylglycerol level in groups B and C against group A was recorded. Inversely, a reduction of TG in group D was observed when compared with groups A, B, and C. Low-density lipoprotein level was high across groups maintained with the diets with reference to control. High-density lipoprotein level decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the test groups in reference to normal. Variation in MDA levels was observed in test groups against control. It can be concluded that toxicants imposed stress on fertility hormones, and some biochemical markers were determined. Clove seed and vitamin E can reduce the polarization effect of the toxicants from polyethylene materials.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to appreciate undergraduate students of the Department of Chemical Sciences, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu, for feeding the rats during the research. Many thanks to Shalom laboratory, Behind Zik’s Flat, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, for providing some of the equipment used for the assay.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Umudike, Nigeria

    E. N. Uhuo, S. I. Egba, P. O. Alaebo & C. A. Obike

  2. Department of Chemical Science, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu, Nigeria

    I. S. Ede

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  1. E. N. Uhuo
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  2. S. I. Egba
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  3. P. O. Alaebo
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  4. C. A. Obike
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  5. I. S. Ede
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Correspondence to E. N. Uhuo.

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This study was not supported by any funding.

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CREC, MOUA, Umudike Reference number: CREC/003/22.

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Statement on animal rights

Appropriate measure was taken to minimize pain and discomfort, and details of the animals’ care were provided in the “Material and methods” in this study. Animals were strictly managed in line with the provision of the Research Ethics Committee on animal management of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.

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Uhuo, E., Egba, S., Alaebo, P. et al. Evaluation of fertility hormones and biochemical stress initiated by toxicant in diet prepared with fish smoked with polyethylene (plastic) materials as a fuel source. Comp Clin Pathol 32, 527–537 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-023-03461-6

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