Abstract
Contamination of agricultural chemicals (including pesticides) raises concerns about the safety of the aquatic ecosystem. Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide commonly used to control weeds in field crops. Hydrophobic activity can increase the risk of pretilachlor loading into the aquatic ecosystem. Like other pesticides, pretilachlor has the potential to be toxic to non-target organisms. In particular, the toxicity of pretilachlor is in its initial stages. So, to begin with the toxicity information, we studied the short-term toxic effects of pretilachlor on edible freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. To evaluate the toxicity of pretilachlor, we determined the median-lethal concentration of 96 h. Then, we studied sublethal (1/25th of 96 h LC50) effects of pretilachlor on blood parameters (hematology, biochemical, and electrolytes) and tissue (gills, liver, and kidney) biomarkers (Na+/K+-ATPase: sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, SOD: superoxide dismutase, CAT: catalase, GST: glutathione S-transferase, GPX: glutathione peroxidase, and LPO: lipoperoxidation) for 72 h. Compared with the control group, pretilachlor toxicity in the exposed group showed a significant change (p < 0.05) over the study periods. Hematological indices (excluding white blood cells and MCHC) decreased most. Sodium levels decreased, while chloride and potassium levels (excluding 24 h) increased. The basic energetic fish, glucose, and protein were declined. Pretilachlor inhibited gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity throughout the exposure periods. Pretilachlor induced oxidative stress, which we evidenced by the inhibition of SOD, CAT, GST, and GPX activities, and acceleration of LPO activity in the vital organs of fish. We conclude that pretilachlor has an effect on blood parameters and is a chemical toxic to several organs.
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M.R.: supervision, review, funding acquisition. M.P.: methodology, data curation. R.T.: methodology, data curation. R.K.P: methodology, writing—draft (original and revisions). Z.R.: Review. B.L.: writing—draft, review.
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We thank Foreign Youth Talent 2022 (QN2022024001L), the National Foreign Youth Talen Program, Department of Science and Technology Bureau, China. We thank the UGC, New Delhi, India.
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Ramesh, M., Priyanka, M., Tamilarasi, R. et al. Short-term toxicity of chloroacetanilide herbicide on non-target organism: estimation of median-lethal concentration, hematological, biochemical, ion regulation, and antioxidants. Comp Clin Pathol 32, 125–137 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-022-03422-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-022-03422-5