Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs, and the difficulty of growing them in asymbiotic or monoxenic (AMF + root) conditions limits research and their large-scale production as biofertilizer. We hypothesized that a combination of flavanols and strigolactones can mimic complex root signaling during the presymbiotic stages of AMF. We evaluated the germination, mycelial growth, branching, and auxiliary cell clusters formation by Gigaspora margarita during the presymbiotic stage in the presence (or absence) of transformed Cichorium intybus roots in basal culture medium enriched with glucose, a flavonol (quercetin or biochanin A) and a strigolactone analogue (1-Methyl-2-oxindole or indole propionic acid). With quercetin (5 µM), methyl oxindole (2.5 nM), and glucose (8.2 g/L) in the absence of roots, the presymbiotic mycelium of G. margarita grew without cytoplasmic retraction and produced auxiliary cells over 71 days similar to presymbiotic mycelium in the presence of roots but without glucose, strigolactones, and flavonols. Our results indicate that glucose and a specific combination of certain concentrations of a flavonol and a strigolactone might be used in asymbiotic or monoxenic liquid or semisolid cultures to stimulate AMF inoculant bioprocesses.
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Acknowledgements
Alberto Campos López is a Ph.D. student of the “Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM”, and is grateful for the scholarship of the CONACYT (CVU. No. 553999). We thank Abel Blancas-Cabrera Eng. for their support at the Bioprocess Unit of Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-UNAM). This project was developed under the Institutional Program of the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-UNAM: “La producción de biomoléculas de interés biomédico en bacterias y hongos.”
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This work was financed by “Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México” (PAPIIT-UNAM IT-200719).
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Experimentation: AC-L, JAU-L, MAT-R; Conceptualization: JAU-L, RG-O, NAV-C, and MAT-R; funding acquisition: MAT-R; project administration: MAT-R and NAV-C; resources: MAT-R, RG-O, and NAV-C; writing—original draft: VC-O and MAT-R; writing—review and editing: AC-L, VC-O, RG-O, NAV-C, and MAT-R.
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Campos-López, A., Uribe-López, J.A., Cázares-Ordoñez, V. et al. Quercetin and 1-methyl-2-oxindole mimic root signaling that promotes spore germination and mycelial growth of Gigaspora margarita. Mycorrhiza 32, 177–191 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-022-01074-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-022-01074-5