Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza, one of the oldest interactions on earth (~ 450 million years old) and a first-class partner for plants to colonize emerged land, is considered one of the most pervasive ecological relationships on the globe. Despite how important and old this interaction is, its discovery was very recent compared to the long story of land plant evolution. The story of the arbuscular mycorrhiza cannot be addressed apart from the history, controversies, and speculations about mycorrhiza in its broad sense. The chronicle of mycorrhizal research is marked by multiple key milestones such as the initial description of a “persistent epiderm and pellicular wall structure” by Hartig; the introduction of the “Symbiotismus” and “Mycorrhiza” concepts by Frank; the description of diverse root-fungal morphologies; the first description of arbuscules by Gallaud; Mosse’s pivotal statement of the beneficial nature of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis; the impact of molecular tools on the taxonomy of mycorrhizal fungi as well as the development of in vitro root organ cultures for producing axenic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). An appreciation of the story – full of twists and turns – of the arbuscular mycorrhiza, going from the roots of mycorrhiza history, along with the discovery of different mycorrhiza types such as ectomycorrhiza, can improve research to help face our days’ challenge of developing sustainable agriculture that integrates the arbuscular mycorrhiza and its ecosystem services.
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01 October 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-022-01094-1
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Professor Sakamoto from the Institute of Plant Science (Okayama University) for providing Asai’s articles and to Jean Garbaye, Roger Koide, François Letacon and Randy Molina for helpful discussions and providing old sources. We also are thankful to Christine Arnould and to the “Plateforme DImaCell” (Dispositif Inter-régional d’Imagerie Cellulaire Bourgogne Franche Comté) for their help with microscopic observations. We also thank Roger Koide and Jean Garbaye for critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank Gilles Bailly from the National Botanical Conservatory of Franche-Comté for his help with Pellia epiphylla hunting. We dedicate this paper to all mycorrhizologists whose hard work helped building and assembling pieces of the so exciting mycorrhiza story.
Funding
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the funding bodies within the H2020 ERA-net project, CORE Organic Cofund, and with cofunds from the European Commission (BIOVINE project), by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (PUMPER project) and by the “Itinéraire Chercheurs Entrepreneurs” grant from Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Région Bourgogne Franche-Comté.
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Sportes, A., Hériché, M., Boussageon, R. et al. A historical perspective on mycorrhizal mutualism emphasizing arbuscular mycorrhizas and their emerging challenges. Mycorrhiza 31, 637–653 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01053-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01053-2