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Mycotrophy of crops in rotation and soil amendment with peat influence the abundance and effectiveness of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field soil

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Abstract

Mycotrophy of previous crops has been shown to have an impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and the growth and productivity of succeeding crops. We studied the impact of 3 years of cultivation of eight crops with different degrees of mycotrophy, including mycorrhizal (strawberry, rye, timothy, onion, caraway) and non-mycorrhizal (turnip rape, buckwheat, fiddleneck) hosts, as well as the impact of peat amendment, on the effectiveness, amount and diversity of indigenous AMF. A field experiment having a split-plot design with peat amendment as the main plot, crop cultivation as a sub-plot and three replications, was carried out on silt clay mineral soil in 1999–2001. A well-humified dark peat was applied immediately before establishment of the field experiment. Each year, the relative mycorrhizal effectiveness of soil collected in September, in terms of shoot dry weight (RMEDW), was determined in a bioassay. In the 3rd year of the experiment, AMF spores were also extracted and identified from the field soil. Expressed as the mean of 3 years of cropping in unamended soil, the mycorrhizal crops strawberry and caraway maintained RMEDW most effectively, while the values were lower in the non-host crops buckwheat, turnip rape and fiddleneck. In addition, the numbers of AM spores detected in soil were considerably greater during 3 years of strawberry cultivation. In soil under caraway, there were high numbers of AM spores compared to the other crops. In soil amended with peat, the situation was in some cases opposite of that of unamended soil; RMEDW was highest in rye and onion and lowest in strawberry and caraway. The reasons behind the negative impact of peat on mycorrhizal effectiveness in strawberry soil may be due to the microbiological properties of peat. The importance of including mycotrophic species in crop rotations for maintaining high soil quality and for increasing yields of subsequent crops is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Finland and by a special grant from MTT Agrifood Research Finland. The field experiment was carried out at the Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Station of MTT Agrifood Research Finland where all the mycorrhizal analyses were conducted. We are grateful to Mr. Mauri Räkköläinen in Laukaa, who was responsible for the establishment and subsequent management of the field experiment. Particularly, we thank Mr. Olli Reinikainen at the peat producing company Vapo Oy who provided us with peat for the experiment. We also wish to thank Ms. Sevastiana Ruusamo, M.A., for valuable revision of the English text.

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  1. Laukaa Research and Elite Plant Station, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Antinniementie 1, 41330, Vihtavuori, Finland

    M. Vestberg, K. Saari & S. Kukkonen

  2. Information Services, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland

    T. Hurme

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  1. M. Vestberg
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Vestberg, M., Saari, K., Kukkonen, S. et al. Mycotrophy of crops in rotation and soil amendment with peat influence the abundance and effectiveness of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field soil. Mycorrhiza 15, 447–458 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-005-0349-2

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