Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of mechanical and electrical hydro governing systems on the LFC of hydro thermal power system under TIDDF controller

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Microsystem Technologies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper aims to demonstrate the effect of employing the mechanical and electrical governing systems of the hydro unit on the load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected hydrothermal power system (IHTPS). The IHTPS has the thermal unit in area 1 and the hydro unit in area 2, and the performance is analyzed for injecting 10% step load disturbance (SLD) in both areas. The investigation is performed under the tilt-integral-double derivative filter (TIDDF) controller optimized with the crow search optimization algorithm (CSOA). However, the competency of the proposed control strategy is evinced by testing on the widely accepted model of a two-area thermal system (TATS), and it is revealed that the suggested control technique outperforms the other control strategies reported in the literature. Later, the analysis on IHTPS is performed by considering the hydro unit with the mechanical governing system, which is later extended to the consideration of the electrical governing system under the same disturbance loadings. Simulation results reveal the significance of employing an electrical governing system with the hydro unit for better frequency regulation of IHTPS over the mechanical one as it has the limited response rate. Furthermore, the investigations on IHTPS extend to the incorporation of the HVDC line to obtain an improvement in dynamic performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed EM, Mohamed EA, Selim A, Aly M, Alsadi A, Alhosaini W, Alnuman H, Ramadan HA (2023) Improving load frequency control performance in interconnected power systems with a new optimal high degree of freedom cascaded FOTPID-TIDF controller. Ain Shams Eng J 14(10):102207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arya Y (2018) Improvement in automatic generation control of two-area electric power systems via a new fuzzy aided optimal PIDN-FOI controller. ISA Trans 80:475–490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babu NR, Bhagat SK, Saikia LC, Chiranjeevi T, Devarapalli R, Marquez FPG (2023) A comprehensive review of recent strategies on automatic generation control/load frequency control in power systems. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 30:543–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaine S, Tripathy M (2019) Performance of CSA optimised controllers of DFIGs and AGC to improve frequency regulation of a wind integrated hydro thermal power system. Alex Eng J 58:579–590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson RA, Ushakumari S (2016) H-infinity loop-shaping controller for load frequency control of a deregulated power system. Procedia Technol 25:775–784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewangan S, Prakash T, Singh VP (2021) Design and performance analysis of elephant herding optimization based controller for load frequency control in thermal interconnected power system. Optim Control Appl Methods 42(1):144–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guha D, Roy PK, Banerjee S (2018) Application of backtracking search algorithm in load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power system. Ain Shams Eng J 9(2):257–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guha D, Roy PK, Banerjee S (2021) Equilibrium optimizer-tuned cascade fractional-order 3DOF-PID controller in load frequency control of power system having renewable energy resource integrated. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31(1):e12702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gulzar MM, Sibtain D, Ahmad A, Javed I, Murawwat S, Rasool I, Hayat A (2022) An efficient design of adaptive model predictive controller for load frequency control in hybrid power system. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7894264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalyan CNS, Rao GS (2020a) Frequency and voltage stabilisation in combined load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation of multiarea system with hybrid generation utilities by AC/DC links. Int J Sustain Energ 39(10):1009–1029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalyan CNS, Rao GS (2020b) Coordinated SMES and TCSC damping controller for load frequency control of multi area power system with diverse sources. International Journal on Electrical Engineering & Informatics 12(4):747–769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khanjanzadeh A, Soleymani S, Mozafari B, Fotuhi M (2020) Integrated multi-area power system with HVDC tie-line to enhance load frequency control and automatic generation control. Electr Eng 102:1223–1239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R, Sikander A (2020) Parameter identification for load frequency control using fuzzy FOPID in power system. COMPEL-the International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 40(4):802–821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morsali J (2022) Fractional order control strategy for superconducting magnetic energy storage to take part effectually in automatic generation control issue of a realistic restructured power system. Journal of Energy Storag 55:105764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nanda J, Mangla A, Suri S (2006) Some new findings on automatic generation control of an interconnected hydrothermal system with conventional controllers. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 21(1):187–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak JR, Shaw B, Sahu BK, Naidu KA (2022) Application of optimised adaptive crow search algorithm based two degree of freedom optimal fuzzy PID controller for AGC system. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 32:101061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nosratabadi SM, Bornapour M, Gharaei MA (2019) Grasshopper optimization algorithm for optimal load frequency control considering predictive functional modified PID controller in restructured multi-resource multi-area power system with redox flow battery units. Control Eng Pract 89:204–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash A, Murali S, Shankar R, Bhushan R (2019) HVDC tie-link modeling for restructured AGC using a novel fractional order cascade controller. Electric Power Systems Research 170:244–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad PS, Parimi AM (2022) Robust μ-synthesis controller design and analysis for load frequency control in an AC micro grid system. IFAC-Papers Online 55(1):547–554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman A, Saikia LC, Sinha N (2015) Load frequency control of a hydro-thermal system under deregulated environment using biogeography based optimised three-degree-of-freedom integral-derivative controller. IET Gener Transm Distrib 9(15):2284–2293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raj TD, Kumar C, Kotsampopoulos P, Fayek HH (2023a) Load frequency control in two-area multi-source power system using bald-eagle sparrow search optimization tuned PID controller. Energies 16(4):2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raj TD, Kumar C, Kotsampopoulos P, Fayek HH (2023b) Load frequency control in two-area multi-source power system using bald eagle-sparrow search optimization tuned PID controller. Energies 16(4):2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranjan M, Shankar R (2022) A literature survey on load frequency control considering renewable energy integration in power system: Recent trends and future prospects. J Energy Storag 45:103717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahu RK, Panda S, Padhan S (2014) Optimal gravitational search algorithm for automatic generation control of interconnected power systems. Ain Shams Eng J 5(3):721–733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shivaie M, Kazemi MG, Ameli MT (2015) A modified harmony search algorithm for solving load-frequency control of non-linear interconnected hydrothermal power systems. Sustainable Energy Technol Assess 10:53–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh SS (2022) Load frequency control of a three-area system with multiple-energy sources using exchange market algorithm optimized cascade IDD-PID controllers. Electric Power Components and Systems 50(1–2):27–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabak A, Ilhan I (2022) An effective method based on simulated annealing for automatic generation control of power systems. Appl Soft Comput 126:109277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yakout AH, Attia MA, Kotb H (2021) Marine predator algorithm based cascaded PIDA load frequency controller for electric power systems with wave energy conversion systems. Alex Eng J 60(4):4213–4222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yousri D, Babu TS, Fathy A (2020) Recent methodology based harris hawks optimizer for designing load frequency control incorporated in multi-interconnected renewable energy plants. Sustain Energy Grids Netw 22:100352

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of EEE, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, 522 508, India

    Ch.Naga Sai Kalyan

Authors
  1. Ch.Naga Sai Kalyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The conceptualization, methodology, Investigation, analysis, preparation of the draft, review and editing, Visualization and validation: C.N.S.K.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ch.Naga Sai Kalyan.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kalyan, C.S. Impact of mechanical and electrical hydro governing systems on the LFC of hydro thermal power system under TIDDF controller. Microsyst Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-024-05685-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-024-05685-0

Search

Navigation