Abstract
This paper demonstrates the modeling and simulation of a multi-area hydro-thermal system to combine control of voltage and frequency. Non-linearity constraints, for example, generation rate constraint (GRC), boiler pressures (BP), and governor dead band (GDB) are regarded as to make the system realistic. An appropriate value of GRC 3%/minute for the thermal plant, 270%/minute elevating, and 360%/minute demoting generation rate for the hydro plant is considered. The system is investigated the significant effect of the non-linearity constraints. A proportional-integral fractional-order (FOPIμ) controller is recommended to investigate the system reliability. The rider optimization algorithm (ROA) is used to obtain the optimum values of the controllers at 50% system loading condition and 1% step load disturbance at time 2 s. The dynamic system responses of the anticipated controller, FOPIμ, are compared with the classical proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative with filter (PIDF) controller. It reveals that the FOPIµ controller is superior to the traditional PI and PIDF controller. The system loading condition is made ±25% variations from its base system to validate the robustness of the FOPIµ controller. It is observed that the anticipated ROA optimized controller is of rigorous sensitivity.
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Appendix
Appendix
The nominal parameters of the system are:
f = 50 Hz, R = 4% p.u, B = 0.425, Pmax(tie) = 200 MW, δ12 = 30°, Pr1 = 2000 MW, Pr2 = 4000 MW, Pd1 = 1000 MW, Pd2 = 2000 MW, D1 = 8.33 × 10–3 p.u MW/Hz, D2 = D1, Thermal plant: Tg = 0.08 s, Tt = 0.30 s, Tr = 10.0 s, Kr = 5, F = 1, 0.8, 0.4 (boiler pressure factor), Hydro plant: δ = 0.31, σ = 0.04, Tgh = 0.2, Tr = 5 s, Tw = 1.2 s, T1 = 48.7 s, T2 = 0.513 s
AVR data: Ka = 10, Ta = 0.1 s, Ke = 1, Te = 0.4 s, Kf = 0.8, Tf = 1.4 s, Ks = 1, Ts = 0.05 s, K1 = 0.145, K2 = 1, K3 = 0.5, K4 = 1.4, K5 = −0.10, K6 = 1.58
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Dekaraja, B., Saikia, L.C., Ramoji, S.K., Babu, N.R., Bhagat, S.K., Behera, M.K. (2021). Modeling and Simulation of a Multi-area Hydro-thermal Interconnected System Using FOPIµ Controller for Integrated Voltage and Frequency Control. In: Das, B., Patgiri, R., Bandyopadhyay, S., Balas, V.E. (eds) Modeling, Simulation and Optimization. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 206. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9829-6_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9829-6_21
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