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Provenance and paleoweathering reconstruction of the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation (1.4 Ga), northern North China

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Abstract

This is the first study presenting major and trace elemental data from the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation shales in Yanshan basin, North China, in order to reconstruct its provenance and chemical weathering history. The shales are strongly depleted in Na2O and Sr and enriched in Y and transition metal elements relative to upper continental crust. Low Zr concentrations and various discriminant plots (e.g., Th/Sc–Zr/Sc and Al2O3–TiO2–Zr) indicate insignificant mineral sorting or recycling of these shales. The rocks show light rare earth element (REE) enrichment (La/YbCN = 3.99–6.92), flat heavy REE, and significantly negative Eu anomalies (Euan = 0.57–0.68) in chondrite-normalized REE patterns, similar to post-Archean Australian average shales. The fairly uniform REE patterns and trace element ratios indicate that the Hongshuizhuang Formation shales were derived from a felsic source area with granodiorite as the dominant contributor. Mixing calculations suggest a mixture of 30 % granite porphyry, 5 % basalt, and 65 % granodiorite as the possible source of the shales, also supporting that granodiorite was the predominant source. Intense chemical weathering of the source terrain is indicated by high values of the premetasomatized chemical index of alteration, plagioclase index of alteration, Rb/Sr, a strong positive correlation between TiO2 and Al2O3, depletion of CaO, Na2O, and Sr, and mineral compositions. Such strong chemical weathering suggests a warm and wet paleoclimate, perhaps due to high atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations, and a near-equatorial location of the North China Craton in the Columbia supercontinent at 1.4 Ga.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40472076) and Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (No. 2462014YJRC022). Thanks to Simon George of Macquarie University for improving the English, to Zhang Qiangbin, Zhu Lei, Zhu Wenjuan and Huang Wei for technical support and analytical advice for the ICM-MS analysis, to Dai Shifeng and Tian Heming of the China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) for the XRF analysis, and to Xu Yajun at the China University of Geoscience and Sun Linhua at Suzhou University for helpful discussion. We are also grateful to Giovanni Mongelli, Victoria Ershova, as well as the topic editor Victoria Pease for their time and effort for giving valuable comments to improve the quality and English of this paper.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Changping, Beijing, 102249, China

    Qingyong Luo, Ningning Zhong, Yannian Wang, Ling Ma & Min Li

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Luo, Q., Zhong, N., Wang, Y. et al. Provenance and paleoweathering reconstruction of the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation (1.4 Ga), northern North China. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 104, 1701–1720 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-015-1163-5

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