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Complete recycling of a magmatic arc: evidence from chemical and isotopic composition of Quaternary trench sediments in Chile (36°–40°S)

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Abstract

Marine Quaternary trench and slope sediments were sampled along the margin of the Southern Andes, Chile between 36° and 40°S. Major and trace element contents indicate only minor influence of weathering and transport fractionation. The whole rock composition of the sediments is similar to the average rock of the Cretaceous to Holocene magmatic arc of this section of the southern volcanic zone. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope composition of the sediments also resembles closely the average composition of the magmatic arc. The contribution of compositionally distinct Palaeozoic crust, which makes up most of the volume of the forearc, is ~0–20% crustal Sr, Nd, and Pb according to the isotope record of the trench and slope sediments. Input of sediments from the continent into the subduction system was dominated by detritus from the magmatic arc at least for the last 20 My on the basis of the Oligocene to Holocene exhumation history of the margin.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Maren Lewerenz for performing XRF analyses at the Technische Universität Berlin, Peter Dulski and Birgit Zander for ICP-MS analyses at GFZ-Potsdam, Cathrin Schulz for support in the GFZ radiogenic isotope laboratory, Rosemarie Geffe at TU-Berlin for polishing the Figures. We thank Rolf L. Romer for reading a previous draft of the manuscript and Christoph Breitkreuz and Diego Morata for their journal reviews, which all improved the manuscript. This study was funded by DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) in the frame of Sonderforschungsbereich 267 ‘Deformation processes in the Andes’.

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  1. GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Friedrich Lucassen

  2. Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet Petrologie, ACK 9 Ackerstr. 71–76, 13355, Berlin, Germany

    Friedrich Lucassen & Gerhard Franz

  3. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hannover, Germany

    Michael Wiedicke

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Correspondence to Friedrich Lucassen.

Appendix

Appendix

Analytical methods

The initial sample size was ca. 50 g, which is representative even for the sand fraction. Semi-solidified rocks from the dredge samples were carefully disaggregated in a PE-bag using a hammer. All samples where transferred into Teflon beakers, washed several times in the ultrasonic in ultra clean water and dried. The water was preserved (with few drops HCl added). The dried samples were ground in an agate mill. Major elements were determined by XRF at TU-Berlin. Trace elements were determined by ICP-MS at GFZ-Potsdam (for the procedure and reproducibility of international standards see Dulski 2001).

For Nd, Pb, and Sr isotope analyses by TIMS at GFZ Potsdam, ~200 mg of sample were weighted into Savillex beakers. Prior to dissolution in HF–HNO3 mixture, the samples were treated with warm 1 N HCl followed by washing in ultra clean water in order to remove possible organic carbonates. All isotope ratios were determined using TIMS. Nd and Sr isotope ratios were measured using dynamic multi-collection on a MAT 262 mass spectrometer and on a VG 54 Sector mass spectrometer at the GFZ-Potsdam, respectively. Nd isotopic ratios were normalized to 146Nd/144Nd = 0.7219, Sr isotopic ratios to 86Sr/88Sr = 0.1194. During the analytical work at GFZ-Potsdam the NBS 987 Sr standard yielded 87Sr/86Sr = 0.710265 ± 28 (2σ; n = 47) and the La Jolla Nd standard yielded 143Nd/144Nd = 0.511850 ± 8 (2σ, n = 46). Pb isotope ratios were measured at GFZ-Potsdam using static multi-collection on a MAT 262 mass spectrometer at controlled temperatures between 1,220 and 1,250°C. The 2σ reproducibility of all Pb isotope ratios of the NBS SRM 981 standard (measured ratios, uncorrected for fractionation; 206Pb/204Pb = 16.906 ± 10, 207Pb/204Pb = 14.454 ± 10, 208Pb/204Pb = 36.583 ± 20, n = 28) is better than 0.1% and a 2σ error of 0.1% is assumed for the measured samples considering the uncertainty of correction for mass fractionation. Instrumental mass-fractionation has been corrected using 0.1% per amu (atomic mass unit) on the base of the NBS SRM 981 values. Procedural blanks were <30 pg for Pb, <50 pg Nd and <100 pg for Sr. No blank corrections have been applied to the measured ratios because blank contribution was insignificant in comparison to the amount of the respective elements in the sample.

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Lucassen, F., Wiedicke, M. & Franz, G. Complete recycling of a magmatic arc: evidence from chemical and isotopic composition of Quaternary trench sediments in Chile (36°–40°S). Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 99, 687–701 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0410-4

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