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Modeling and optimization of a reliable blood supply chain network in crisis considering blood compatibility using MOGWO

  • Real-world Optimization Problems and Meta-heuristics
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Abstract

Due to the prominent role of blood in human life, designing an efficient blood supply chain in case of an emergency situation is essential especially considering blood compatibility. This research proposes a multi-objective model for emergency blood supply chain management considering blood compatibility, routing, and location–allocation decisions. The blood supply chain network consists of donors, collection facilities, laboratories, blood centers, and hospitals. The mathematical model aims to minimize total supply chain cost and time while maximizing minimum reliability of established routes by making decisions regarding location–allocation, blood flow, inventory levels, and optimal routes. In order to solve the problem, a novel algorithm called Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer is used and compared to two classical algorithms Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II. Performance of the algorithms is evaluated in various test problems using powerful measures. Also, the application of the proposed model is investigated in a case study in Iran’s capital, Tehran. Based on the results, important managerial insights are derived and optimal locations for facilities, inventory levels, routes and blood flow between facilities are determined.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Behzad Ghorashi, Maryam Hamedi & Ramin Sadeghian

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  1. Seyed Behzad Ghorashi
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  2. Maryam Hamedi
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Correspondence to Maryam Hamedi.

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Appendix

Appendix

The city is located on 13 active faults. In recent year, many mid-magnitude earthquakes have occurred around the city which is warning to IBTO and related organizations to prepare for an emergency situation after a destructive earthquake. Note that based on recent researches, it is revealed that every 150 years a high-magnitude earthquake is expected in the city; however, it is 200 years that such event has not occurred around the city.

The city has 22 districts, for each district, the geographical coordination of each donor group is presented in Table 14.

Table 14 Geographical coordinates of donor groups
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For each donor groups, maximum blood supply of all blood types is approximated based on 13% deferral rate which is shown in Table 15 [11, 14, 44].

Table 15 Blood supply of donor groups from each blood type [44]
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A schematic view of the location of donors is provided in Fig. 12.

Fig. 12
figure 12

Location of the donor groups. [14]

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Each district is considered as a potential location for the establishment of a permanent or temporary blood collection center. Establishment cost of permanent blood collection center is considered to be $1518.23. Also, operational costs related to the collection of blood from donors is considered to be $0.069 per donated blood. Cost of moving temporary blood collection centers between sites is presented in Table 16.

Table 16 Cost of moving a temporary blood collection facility between sites ($) [14].]
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The capacity of permanent and mobile blood collection facilities are considered to be 300 and 100 donated blood units, respectively. In addition, the coverage radius of the blood collection centers is considered as 12 km. Table 17 presents geographical coordination of laboratories and blood centers. Note that these data are obtained using Google Earth software. To calculate the distances, the following formula is used which is presented by Khalilpourazari and Khamseh [14] as follows.

$$r_{ij} = {\text{Arccos}}\left( {\sin \left( {{\text{Lat}}_{i} } \right) \times \sin \left( {{\text{Lat}}_{j} } \right) + \cos \left( {{\text{Lat}}_{i} } \right) \times \cos \left( {{\text{Lat}}_{j} } \right) \times { \cos }\left( {{\text{Long}}_{j} - {\text{Long}}_{i} } \right)} \right) \times 6371.1$$
(38)

where 6371.1 is the earth’s radius and latitude and longitude are the geographic coordinates of the facilities multiplied by \(\pi /180\).

Table 17 Geographical coordinates of laboratories, blood centers, and hospitals
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Cost of transportation of each blood unit from collection centers to laboratories is presented in Table 18.

Table 18 Transportation cost of unit donated blood from blood collection centers to laboratories [8]
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Also, transportation costs from laboratories to blood centers and from blood centers to hospitals are reported in Tables 19, 20 and 21.

Table 19 Transportation cost from laboratories to blood centers [8]
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Table 20 Transportation cost from blood centers to hospitals
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Table 21 Transportation cost between hospitals
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Blood demand at hospitals is approximated based on real data provided by Salehi et al. [44]. Table 22 presents the demand for each hospital at each period.

Table 22 Blood demand in hospitals from each blood type at the first and second periods
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Ghorashi, S.B., Hamedi, M. & Sadeghian, R. Modeling and optimization of a reliable blood supply chain network in crisis considering blood compatibility using MOGWO. Neural Comput & Applic 32, 12173–12200 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-019-04343-1

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