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Conversion ratios for opioid switching: a pragmatic study

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Abstract

Background

The final conversion ratios among opioids used for successful switching are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the initial and final conversion ratios used for a successful opioid switching in cancer patients, and eventual associated factors.

Methods

Ninety-five patients who were successfully switched were evaluated. The following data were collected: age, gender, Karnofsky performance score, primary cancer, cognitive function, the presence of neuropathic, and incident pain. Opioids, route of administration, and their doses expressed in oral morphine equivalents used before OS were recorded as well as opioids use for starting opioid switching, and at time of stabilization. Physical and psychological symptoms were routinely evaluated by Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.

Results

No statistical changes were observed between the initial conversion ratios and those achieved at time of stabilization for all the sequences of opioid switching. When considering patients switched to methadone, there was no association between factors taken into considerations.

Conclusion

Opioid switching is a highly effective and safe technique, improving analgesia and reducing the opioid-related symptom burden. The final conversion ratios were not different from those used for starting opioid switching. Patients receiving higher doses of opioids should be carefully monitored for individual and unexpected responses in an experienced palliative care unit, particularly those switched to methadone. Future studies should provide data regarding the profile of patients with difficult pain to be hospitalized.

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Data availability

Data are available on request.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Main Regional Center for Pain Relief and Supportive/Palliative Care, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Via San Lorenzo 312, 90146, Palermo, Italy

    Sebastiano Mercadante, Claudio Adile, Patrizia Ferrera, Yasmine Grassi & Alessio Lo Cascio

  2. Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Alessandra Casuccio

Authors
  1. Sebastiano Mercadante
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  2. Claudio Adile
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  3. Patrizia Ferrera
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  4. Yasmine Grassi
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  5. Alessio Lo Cascio
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  6. Alessandra Casuccio
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Contributions

SM: protocol, writing.

PF, YG, CA: recruiting patients.

AL: database.

AC: statistics.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sebastiano Mercadante.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Mercadante, S., Adile, C., Ferrera, P. et al. Conversion ratios for opioid switching: a pragmatic study. Support Care Cancer 31, 91 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-022-07514-4

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