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Biological pathways involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease

Beteiligung biologischer Wege an der Entwicklung entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen

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Summary

Apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis are three distinct functional types of the mammalian cell death network. All of them are characterized by a number of cell’s morphological changes. The inappropriate induction of cell death is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases.

Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) includes an abnormal immunological response to disturbed intestinal microflora. One of the most important reason in pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease and subsequent multiple organ pathology is a barrier function of the gut, regulating cellular viability. Recent findings have begun to explain the mechanisms by which intestinal epithelial cells are able to survive in such an environment and how loss of normal regulatory processes may lead to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

This review focuses on the regulation of biological pathways in development and homeostasis in IBD. Better understanding of the physiological functions of biological pathways and their influence on inflammation, immunity, and barrier function will simplify our expertice of homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract and in upgrading diagnosis and treatment.

Zusammenfassung

Apoptose, Autophagie und Nekrose sind drei unterschiedliche Funktionsformen des Zelltodes bei Säugetieren. Alle sind durch etliche morphologische Veränderungen in den Zellen gekennzeichnet. Eine fehlerhafte Induktion des Zelltodes ist Teil der Pathogenese vieler Krankheiten.

Die Pathogenese entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (Colitis ulcerosa, Morbus Crohn) schließt auch eine anormale Immunreaktion auf die gestörte Darmmikroflora ein. Einer der wichtigsten Gründe für die Pathogenese einer chronisch-entzündlichen Krankheit und folglich einer Multiorganpathologie ist die Barrierefunktion des Darms, die für die Regelung der Zellviabilität zuständig ist. Neuere Erkenntnisse helfen zu erklären, welche Mechanismen dazu führen, dass Darmepithelzellen in einem derartigen Umfeld überleben können und wie der Verlust normaler regulativer Prozesse zu entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen führen können.

Dieser Bericht beschäftigt sich mit der Regulierung biologischer Wege in der Entwicklung und Homöostase entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen. Ein besseres Verständnis der physiologischen Funktionen der biologischen Wege und deren Einfluss auf Entzündungen, Immunität und Barrierefunktion wird unser Fachwissen zum Thema Homöostase im Verdauungstrakt verbessern und sowohl Diagnose als auch Behandlung vereinfachen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia

    Mateja Zemljic PhD &  Bozena Pejkovic

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

    Ivan Krajnc

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia

    Saska Lipovsek

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  1. Mateja Zemljic PhD
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  2. Bozena Pejkovic
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  3. Ivan Krajnc
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  4. Saska Lipovsek
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Correspondence to Mateja Zemljic PhD.

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Zemljic, M., Pejkovic, B., Krajnc, I. et al. Biological pathways involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 126, 626–633 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-014-0592-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-014-0592-7

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