Retraction Note to: Soft Computing (2021) 25:7297–7305 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05655-y


The Editors in Chief have retracted this article because of significant concerns regarding a number of figures and tables presented in this work, which question the integrity of the data. After publication, several overlaps were detected with the figures and tables in this article. Specifically,

Figures 2 and 3 in this article appear to be the same as Figs. 1 and 2 in another article by the same author group (Chen and Chen 2019).

Figure 1 in this article appears to be the same as Fig. 2 in another article by the same author group (Chen and Chen 2020) and in other articles by different author groups (Tsai et al. 2016; Hsiao et al. 2005).

Table 2 in this article appears to be identical to Table 3 in another article by the same author group (Chen et al. 2019).

Additionally, the article appears to have several nonsensical words, and the identity of the co-author, D. Kuo, could not be verified. The Editors-in-Chief therefore no longer have confidence in the integrity of the data in this article.

None of the authors have responded to any correspondence from the editor about this retraction.