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Soft computing of the recompression index of fine-grained soils

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Abstract

Consolidation settlement is a phenomenon happens in saturated fine-grained soils when subjected to change in effective stress. Consolidation settlement is often determined using the compressibility parameters, the compression index (\(Cc\)) and the recompression index \((Cr\)). However, there is lack of studies on the accuracy of the empirical correlations to predict the recompression index (\(Cr\)). In addition, no study has been concerned with the development of region-specific correlations to predict the recompression index of fine-grained soils in middle and north of Iraq. Thus, this research has been conducted to fill these gaps by collecting and testing of 350 undisturbed samples, assessing the available empirical correlations and developing of novel region-specific data-driven correlations to predict the recompression index \((Cr\)) using the evolutionary polynomial regression analysis (EPR-MOGA). The tests include the soil unit weight, specific gravity, water content, Atterberg limits and recompression index. The statistical assessment involved calculating the mean absolute error (\(MAE\)), root mean square error (\(RMSE\)), mean (\(\mu )\), percentage of predictions within error range of ± 30% (\(P30\)) and coefficient of correlation (\(R\)). In addition, 80% of the data has been used in the EPR-MOGA model training while 20% of data has been used to test (validate) the model accuracy. The results illustrate that all of the available correlations provide an average prediction of the recompression index with \(R\) ranges between 0.12 and 0.70, \(MAE\) ranges between 0.01 and 0.03, \(RMSE\) ranges between 0.020 and 0.030, \(\mu\) ranges between 0.26 and 1.73 and % \(P30\) ranges between 0 and 61%. However, the new EPR-MOGA correlations showed much better prediction capabilities, where the best EPR-MOGA correlation scored \(R\), \(MAE\), \(RMSE\), \(\mu\) and \(P30\) of 0.90, 0.01, 0.008, 1.05 and 82%, respectively, for training data and 0.88, 0.01, 0.009, 1.02 and 86%, respectively, for testing data. The new EPR-MOGA correlations require only the saturated unit weight, water content and void ratio of the soil to accurately predict the \(Cr\).

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Funding

No funding was received for conducting this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Roads and Transport Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

    Saif Alzabeebee

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Younis M. Alshkane & Kamal Ahmad Rashed

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Abbas J. Al-Taie

Authors
  1. Saif Alzabeebee
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  2. Younis M. Alshkane
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  3. Abbas J. Al-Taie
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  4. Kamal Ahmad Rashed
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Contributions

S. A. involved in conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, writing—original draft. Y. M. A. took part in methodology, writing—review & editing. A. J. A-T participated in methodology, writing—review & editing. K. A. R. took part in methodology, writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Saif Alzabeebee.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest associated with this submission. In addition, the authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Alzabeebee, S., Alshkane, Y.M., Al-Taie, A.J. et al. Soft computing of the recompression index of fine-grained soils. Soft Comput 25, 15297–15312 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06123-3

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