Abstract
Determining the extreme wind speed and basic wind speed in mountain areas is the fundamental topic in wind-resistant design for engineering structures. The traditional epochal approach commingles all types of wind's maximum speeds in a hybrid set regardless of their respective distributions. While the mountain wind climate is a typical mixed system that consists of local and synoptic wind events, differences in meteorological mechanisms lead to deviation in their wind speed distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the mixed wind speed distribution and calculate the combined extreme wind speed. This study extends the extreme wind speed theory in mixed wind climates to the mountain wind field. The measured mountain wind data are classified into periodic thermally-driven winds caused by local thermal gradient, cooling windstorms driven by cold high pressure, and sudden intense winds caused by severe convection. Their respective distribution parameters are determined through the peaks-over-threshold approach with generalized Pareto distribution, and the combined extreme wind speed concluding all types of wind is obtained. The combined extreme wind speeds considering wind direction and attack angle are subsequently obtained. Results show that the combined value is a conservative estimation in mountain mixed wind climates.
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Funding
The support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U21A20154 and No. 52278533) and the Provincial Science Foundation for Distinguished Youth of Sichuan (No. 2023NSFSC1961) is greatly acknowledged.
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F.J.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft. J.Z.: Field measurement, Validation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing. M.Z.: Field measurement, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition. J.Q.: Software, Writing – review & editing. Y.L.: Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
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Jiang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, M. et al. Determination of extreme wind speed under different wind directions and attack angles with mixed wind climates in mountain terrain. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 37, 4589–4606 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-023-02529-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-023-02529-7