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Dynamically-Driven Winds

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Mountain Weather Research and Forecasting

Part of the book series: Springer Atmospheric Sciences ((SPRINGERATMO))

Abstract

This chapter is concerned with dynamically-forced atmospheric flow phenomena which occur when the wind encounters mountains. The range of effects is wide and therefore attention is restricted to arguably the most important phenomena in terms of weather forecasting. These are mountain waves, rotors, downslope windstorms, gap winds and barrier jets. The essence of many of these phenomena is described by mountain wave theory. Recent advances in observation technologies and their application in field programs, as well as in numerical modeling, have led to new understanding, including the incorporation of complicating factors like boundary-layer processes. This chapter describes current theory for each of these phenomena, along with recent observational studies and the latest forecast techniques and models.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Below the lower neutral isolating layer, the air next to the surface might be stably stratified (e.g. nocturnally) and blocked

  2. 2.

    Actually a gap flow in the opposite direction – southward – happened.

  3. 3.

    Spatial details were observed with two aircraft flights.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the volume editors (Fotini Kapodes Chow, Stephen De Wekker and Bradley J. Snyder) for keeping us on track with their encouragement and organization, and for all of their efforts in bringing this book to completion. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers who provided many helpful comments that improved the chapter. We thank the authors and organizations who allowed us to use many of the figures in this chapter. The first author would like to acknowledge partial funding support of his research program from an NSERC Discovery Grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Science & Engineering, Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, V2N 4Z9

    Peter L. Jackson

  2. Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Georg Mayr

  3. Atmospheric Processes and Parametrizations, Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, UK, EX1 3PB

    Simon Vosper

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    Fotini K. Chow

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    Stephan F.J. De Wekker

  3. Meteorological Service of Canada, Burrard Street 401, Vancouver, V6C 3S5, Canada

    Bradley J. Snyder

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Jackson, P.L., Mayr, G., Vosper, S. (2013). Dynamically-Driven Winds. In: Chow, F., De Wekker, S., Snyder, B. (eds) Mountain Weather Research and Forecasting. Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4098-3_3

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