Abstract
Contaminant source identification and hydraulic conductivity estimation are of great significance for contaminant transport model in the subsurface media, but their actual values are difficult to obtain and can usually be inversely identified and estimated by sparse observations. In order to reduce computational cost in the process of estimating groundwater model parameters, the surrogate model was often used. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a modified self-organizing map (SOM) based surrogate model, named ILUES-SOM. The proposed model combines a modified iterative ensemble smoother method (SGSIM-ILUES) and the SOM algorithm to simultaneously identify contaminant source parameters and hydraulic conductivity field. Considering the characteristics of the proposed method (ILUES-SOM), a comparison of parameter estimation accuracy and computational efficiency is performed with the original SOM and SGSIM-ILUES inversion model. Moreover, the robustness of ILUES-SOM model for inversion was illustrated by proposing varying degrees of observation errors and missing early observation data. The results indicated that ILUES-SOM model can successfully retrieve unknown contaminant source simultaneously with heterogeneity hydraulic conductivity field in the groundwater system.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFE0114900), and the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (2019nkzd01). The authors would like to thank Professor Zhi Li for his revision and language improvement of this manuscript. The authors also wish to thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which substantially helped to improve the manuscript.
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Na Zheng: conceptualization, methodology, programming, writing—original draft; Jinbing Liu: methodology, programming tune; Xuemin Xia: case designing, data collecting; Simin Gu: data collection, validation; Yanhao Wu: data statistics, validation; Xianwen Li: methodology, case designing; Simin Jiang: writing—review and editing, supervision, fund acquisition. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Zheng, N., Liu, J., Xia, X. et al. Identification of contaminant source and hydraulic conductivity field based on an ILUES-SOM surrogate model. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 37, 2725–2738 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-023-02415-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-023-02415-2