Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modeling moisture redistribution of drip irrigation systems by soil and system parameters: regression-based approaches

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the strategies for increasing water use efficiency and reducing deep percolation of drip irrigation systems is considering the patterns of moisture redistribution after cut-offing the irrigation process. Accurate estimation of the wetting dimensions in surface/subsurface irrigation systems is very important for optimal management of drip irrigation systems as well as minimizing water losses via deep percolation and runoff. An experimental study was conducted in the present research to evaluate the moisture redistribution process under surface and subsurface pulse drip irrigation systems and developing new regression-based methodologies for estimating moisture redistribution dimensions using both the soil and system parameters. A physical model was made and the experiments were performed on three different types of soil texture (fine, medium, and coarse) with three emitter flow rates (2, 4, and 6 lit/hr) in three emitter installation depths (0, 15, and 30 cm). The experiments were conducted for both continuous (CI) and pulse (PI) irrigation modes. The results showed that significant amounts of wetting dimensions and wetted area of the moisture bulb are related to the post-cut-offing stage. Then, using the nonlinear regression analysis, several models were proposed to estimate the horizontal and vertical redistribution pattern as well as the wetted area (upper and lower parts of the emitter). The comparison of the measured and the simulated values indicated that the non-linear regression models simulated the parameters associated with the redistribution, accurately. For instance, the MAE, RMSE, and NS values corresponding to the simulation of the horizontal redistribution vary between 0.19–0.72, 0.25–0.83 cm, and 0.77–0.96, respectively. These values for vertical downward redistribution vary between 0.13–0.59, 0.17–0.79 cm and 0.65–0.98 for all investigated treatments, respectively. The use of these models for design goals facilitates the determination of the accurate distance between laterals and emitters as well as the suitable depth of emitters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig.1
Fig. 2
Fig.3
Fig.4
Fig.5
Fig.6
Fig.7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Ogaidi AAM, Wayayok A, Rowshona MK, Abdullah AF (2016) Wetting patterns estimation under drip irrigation systems using an enhanced empirical model. Agric Water Manage 176:203–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amin MSM, Ekhmaj AIM (2006) DIPAC- drip irrigation water distribution pattern calculator. 7th Int Micro Irrigation Congress PWTC. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp 503–513

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook FJ, Thorburn PJ, Fitch P, Bristow KL (2003) WetUp: a software tool to display approximate wetting patterns from drippers. Irrig Sci 22:129–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Vigo Á, Zubelzu S, Juana L (2020) Numerical routine for soil water dynamics from trickle irrigation. Appl Math Model 83:371–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmaloglou S, Diamantopoulos E (2009) Effects of hysteresis on redistribution of soil moisture and deep percolation at continuous and pulse drip irrigation. Agric Water Manag 96:533–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmaloglou S, Diamantopoulos E (2010) Soil water dynamics under surface trickle irrigation as affected by soil hydraulic properties, discharge rate, dripper spacing and irrigation duration. Irrig Drain 263:254–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Elnesr MN, Alazba AA (2019) Computational evaluations of HYDRUS simulations of drip irrigation in 2D and 3D domains (ii-subsurface emitters). Comput Electron Agric 163:104879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan Y, Yang Z, Wei H (2021) Establishment and verification of the prediction model of soil wetting pattern size in vertical moisture irrigation. Water Supply 21(1):331–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golestani Kermani S, Sayari S, Kisi O, Zounemat-Kermani M (2019) Comparing data-driven models versus numerical models in simulation of waterfront advance in furrow irrigation. Irrig Sci 37(5):547–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammami M, Zayani K (2016) An analytical approach to predict the moistened bulb volume beneath a surface point source. Agric Water Manag 166:123–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanda EK, Senzanje A, Mabhaudhi T (2020) Soil water dynamics under Moistube irrigation. Phy Chem Earth, Parts A/B/C, 102836

  • Kandelous MM, Simunek J (2010a) Comparison of numerical, analytical and empirical models to estimate wetting pattern for surface and subsurface drip irrigation. Irrig Sci 28:435–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kandelous MM, Simunek J (2010b) Numerical simulations of water movement in a subsurface drip irrigation system under field and laboratory conditions using HYDRUS-2D. Agric Water Manag 97:1070–1076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi B, Mirzaei F, Sohrabi T (2013) Evaluation of moisture front redistribution in surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems. Iranian J Water Soil Sci 23(3):183–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Karimi B, Sohrabi T, Mirzaei F, Ababaei B (2015) Developing equations to predict the pattern of soils moisture redistribution in surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems using dimension analysis. Iranian J Water Soil Conser 21(6):223–237

    Google Scholar 

  • Karimi B, Mirzaei F, Sohrabi T (2015a) Developing equations to estimate wetted area pattern for surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems by dimensional analysis. Iranian J Soil Water Sci 25(3): 241:252

  • Karimi B, Mohammadi P, Sanikhani H, Salih SQ, Yaseen ZM (2020) Modeling wetted areas of moisture bulb for drip irrigation systems: an enhanced empirical model and artificial neural network. Comput Electron Agric 178:105767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karmeli D, Peri G (1974) Basic principles of pulse irrigation. J Irrig Drain Div ASCE 100(3):309–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khattak MSh, Ali W, Ajmal M, Khalil TM, Ahmad J, Malik A, Akbar Gh (2017) Assessment of wetted irrigation patterns for inline and online emitters in different soil textures. J Himalayan Earth Sci 50(2):149–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilic M (2020) A new analytical method for estimating the 3D volumetric wetting pattern under drip irrigation system. Agric Water Manag 228:105898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin I, Van Rooyen PC, Van Rooyen FC (1979) The effect of discharge rate and intermittent water application by point source irrigation on the soil moisture distribution pattern. Soil Sci Soc Am J 43:8–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Zhang J, Ren L (2003) Water and nitrogen distribution as affected by fertigation of ammonium nitrate from a point source. Irrig Sci 22(1):19–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, Xu Q (2018) Wetting patterns estimation in cultivation substrates under drip irrigation. Desa Water Treat 112(2018):319–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malek K, Peters RT (2011) Wetting pattern models for drip irrigation: new empirical model. J Irrig Drain Eng 137:530–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadbeigi, A., Mirzaei, F., and Ashraf, N.2016. Evaluation and comparing of redistribution of moisture in drip irrigation by pulsed flow and continuous flow. Iranian J Soil Water Rese. 47(3): 467–473.

  • Mohammadbeigi A, Mirzaei F, Ashraf N (2017) Simulation of soil moisture distribution under drip irrigation pulsed and continuous in dimensional analysis method. Iranian J Water Soil Conser 23(6): 163–180

  • Mostaghimi S, Mitchell JK (1983) Pulsed trickling effect on soil moisture distribution. Water Reso Bull 19(4):605–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi W, Zhang Z, Wang C, Huang M (2021) Prediction of infiltration behaviors and evaluation of irrigation efficiency in clay loam soil under Moistube® irrigation. Agric Water Manag 248:106756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qiaosheng Sh, Zouxin L, Zhenying W, Hayjung L (2007) Simulation of the soil wetting shape under porous pipe sub-Irrigation using dimensional analysis. J Irrig Drain Eng 125:389–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Sinobas L, Zubelzu S, Martín-Sotoca JJ, Tarquis AM (2021) Multiscaling analysis of soil water content during irrigation events: comparison between surface and subsurface drip irrigation. Geoderma 382, 114777

  • Schaap MG, Leij FJ, van Genuchten MT (2001) Rosetta: a computer program for estimating soil hydraulic parameters with hierarchical pedotransfer functions. J Hydrol 251:163–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartzman M, Zur B (1986) Emitter Spacing and Geometry of Wetted Soil Volume. J Irrig Drain Eng 112(3):242–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiri J, Karimi B, Karimi N, Kazemi MH, Karimi S (2020) Simulating wetting front dimensions of drip irrigation systems: multi criteria assessment of soft computing models. J Hydrol 585:124792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh DK, Rajput TBS, Sikarwar H, Ahmad VT (2006) Simulation of soil wetting pattern with subsurface drip irrigation from line source. Agric Water Manag 83:130–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yao WW, Ma XY, Li J, Parkes M (2011) Simulation of point source wetting pattern of subsurface drip irrigation. Irrig Sci 29:331–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Bakhtiar Karimi, Nazir Karimi & Hadi Sanikhani

  2. Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Jalal Shiri

  3. Center of Excellence in Hydroinformatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Jalal Shiri

Authors
  1. Bakhtiar Karimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nazir Karimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jalal Shiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hadi Sanikhani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bakhtiar Karimi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karimi, B., Karimi, N., Shiri, J. et al. Modeling moisture redistribution of drip irrigation systems by soil and system parameters: regression-based approaches. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 36, 157–172 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-021-02031-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-021-02031-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation