Abstract
Laboratory experiments of decaying grid stratified turbulence were performed in a two-layer fluid and varying the stratification intensity. Turbulence was generated by towing an array of cylinders in a square vessel and the grid was moved at a constant velocity along the total vertical extent of the tank. In order to investigate the influence of the stratification intensity on the turbulence decay, both 2C-PIV and stereo PIV were used to provide time resolved velocity fields in the horizontal plane and the out-of-plane velocity. As expected, a faster decay of the turbulence level along the vertical axis and the collapse in a quasi-horizontal motion increased with the buoyancy frequency, N. In order to characterise the decay process we investigated the time evolution of the vortex statistics, the turbulence scales and the kinetic energy and enstrophy of the horizontal flow. The exponents recovered in the corresponding scaling laws were compared with the theoretical predictions and with reference values obtained in previous experimental studies. Both the spectral analysis and the evolution of characteristic length scales indicate that, in the examined range of N, the dynamics is substantially independent of the stratification intensity. The results obtained were explained in terms of the scaling analysis of decaying turbulence in strongly stratified fluids introduced by Brethouwer et al. (J Fluid Mech 585:343–368. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112007006854, 2007).
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Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by the Italian MIUR (University Research projects, Grant RM11615503471374). We thank G. Carnevale for useful discussion and suggestion and CIRA for having provided the PIV software.
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Espa, S., Avallone, G. & Cenedese, A. Decaying grid turbulence experiments in a stratified fluid: flow measurements and statistics. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 32, 2325–2336 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-018-1544-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-018-1544-y