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Temporal expression of defense-related genes in Ganoderma-infected oil palm roots

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Abstract

Key message

Salicylic acid-mediated early defense response in asymptomatic oil palm roots infected by Ganoderma boninense . Jasmonic acid-mediated defense response in oil palm with root lesions caused by Ganoderma boninense . The oil palm defense responses could not eradicate basal stem rot but may delay deterioration of infected oil palms.

Abstract

Basal stem rot is an oil palm disease which causes substantial loss to the oil palm industry in Southeast Asia. Temporal gene expression analysis of oil palms infected with Ganoderma boninense is important to identify the defense pathways at biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of fungal infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the gene expression of oil palm genes related to respiratory burst oxidation, phytohormone biosynthesis, salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated defense pathways in oil palm roots infected by G. boninense at different time points. The findings of this study confirmed that salicylic acid mediated the early defense response from infected oil palm during the biotrophic phase of fungal infection, while the JA-mediated defense response was triggered when the root lesions occurred in the infected oil palm root tissues during the necrotrophic phase of Ganoderma infection. The oil palm defense responses may play a role in delaying the progression of basal stem rot but is insufficiently effective to eradicate Ganoderma infection. Temporal gene expression may help in finding methods to ameliorate the impact of basal stem rot by prolonging the productive lifespan of diseased trees and to reduce the economic loss due to this disease.

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Data availability and material

All data from this study have been included in the manuscript.

Data archiving statement

The GenBank accession numbers for the Unigenes used in this study are as follows: XP_010931626.1 (U13091); XP_010929525.1 (U74322); XP_010922462.1 (U2608); XP_010925427.1 (U5193); XP_010930415.1 (U4396); XP_010907624.1 (U18325); XP_010925060.1 (U28249); XP_010915287.1 (XP_010915287.1). The same data are also included in Table 1.

Code availability

No applicable.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bangi, Malaysia, for providing the Ganoderma strain. We would like to thank the communicating editor and anonymous reviewers who provided constructive suggestions to improve the manuscript.

Funding

This project was funded by Putra Grant (GP-IPB/2013/9413601; UPM/700–2/1/GPB/2018/9598300), Universiti Putra Malaysia. Mohan D was supported by GRF from Universiti Putra Malaysia and My Master from the Ministry of Education, Malaysia.

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  1. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Durgadevi Mohan, Parameswari Namasivayam, Noor Baity Saidi & Chai-Ling Ho

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  1. Durgadevi Mohan
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  2. Parameswari Namasivayam
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  3. Noor Baity Saidi
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  4. Chai-Ling Ho
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DM, CLH, NBS and PN designed the experiments; DM conducted the experiments; DM and CLH analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript; all authors approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chai-Ling Ho.

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Mohan, D., Namasivayam, P., Saidi, N.B. et al. Temporal expression of defense-related genes in Ganoderma-infected oil palm roots. Trees 36, 1029–1038 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-022-02269-1

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