Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular mechanism underlying ethylene stimulation of latex production in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

  • Review
  • Published:
Trees Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Key message

Ethephon (an ethylene releaser) is commonly used to enhance latex productivity of rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ), but the underlying mechanism has been elusive. The review presents the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of increasing latex production in rubber tree by ethylene application.

Abstract

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is currently the only commercial sources of natural rubber which is an important industrial material. Application of ethephon (an ethylene generator) has been a measure extensively adopted in worldwide rubber plantations to increase the productivity of rubber tree since the 1960s. In the recent years, adoption of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches has brought great progress in understanding the mechanism of ethylene stimulation of latex yield. In this review, an update on the molecular mechanism of ethylene stimulation of latex production in H. brasiliensis is presented. Ethylene stimulation can be roughly ascribed to the acceleration of latex regeneration and the prolongation of the flow of latex. The relevant biochemical pathways and processes are comprehensively reviewed. The possibility that the limiting factors of the biosynthesis of rubber identified in bark glycolysis and photosynthetic carbon fixation can be utilized in molecular diagnostic and genetic engineering for rubber high-yielding variety improvement is discussed. Unsolved problems of the ethylene stimulation and a major challenge to understand the regulatory mechanism of the ethylene stimulation are also indicated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abraham PD, Wycherley PR, Pakianathan SW (1968) Stimulation of latex flow in Hevea brasiliensis of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid and 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid. J Rubber Res 20:291–305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acher BL, Audrey BG, Cockbain EG, McSweeney GP (1963) Biosynthesis of rubber incorporation of mevalonate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate into rubber by Hevea brasiliensis latex fractions. Biochem J 89:565–574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adiwilaga K, Kush A (1996) Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase from rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Plant Mol Biol 30:935–946

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amalou Z, Bangratz J, Chrestin H (1992) Ethrel (ethylene releaser) induced increases in the adenylate pool and transtonoplast pH within latex cells. Plant Physiol 98:1270–1276

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • An F, Zou Z, Cai X, Wang J, Rookes J, Lin W, Cahill D, Kong L (2015) Regulation of HbPIP2;3, a latex-abundant water transporter, is associated with latex dilution and yield in the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). PLoS One 10:e0125595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Audley BG, Archer BL, Carruthers IB (1976) Metabolism of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) and related compounds in Hevea brasiliensis. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 4:183–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avila E, Herrera A, Tezara W (2014) Contribution of stem CO2 fixation to whole-plant carbon balance in nonsucculent species. Photosynthetica 52:3–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey-Serres J, Mittler R (2006) The roles of reactive oxygen species in plant cells. Plant Physiol 141(2):311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bloemen J, Overlaet-Michiels L, Steppe K (2013a) Understanding plant responses to drought: how important is woody tissue photosynthesis? Acta Hortic 991:149–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloemen J, McGuire MA, Aubrey DP, Teskey RO, Steppe K (2013b) Internal recycling of respired CO2 may be important for plant functioning under changing climate regimes. Plant Signal Behav 8:e27530

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bobilioff W (1925) Observations on latex vessels in the living condition. Arch Rubbercultuur 9:313–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Cernusak LA, Hutley LB (2011) Stable isotopes reveal the contribution of corticular photosynthesis to growth in branches of Eucalyptus miniata. Plant Physiol 155:515–523

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chow KS, Wan KL, Isa MN, Bahari A, Tan SH, Harikrishna K, Yeang HY (2007) Insights into rubber biosynthesis from transcriptome analysis of Hevea brasiliensis latex. J Exp Bot 58:2429–2440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chow KS, Mat-Isa MN, Bahari A, Ghazali AK, Alias H, Mohd-Zainuddin Z, Hoh CC, Wan KL (2012) Metabolic routes affecting rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis latex. J Exp Bot 63:1863–1871

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chrestin H (1989) Biochemical aspects of bark dryness induced by overstimulation of rubber trees with ethrel. In: D’Auzac J, Jacob JL, Chrestin H (eds) Physiology of Rubber Tree Latex. CRC Press, Florida, USA, Boca Raton, pp 431–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrestin H, Bangratz J, d’Auzac J, Jacob JL (1984) Role of the lutoidic tonoplast in the senescence and degeneration of the laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. Z Pflanzenphysiol 114:261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chrestin H, Gidrol X, Kush A (1997) Towards a latex molecular diagnostic of yield potential and the genetic engineering of the rubber tree. Euphytica 96:77–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornish K (2001) Biochemistry of natural rubber, a vital raw material, emphasizing biosynthetic rate, molecular weight and compartmentalization, in evolutionarily divergent plant species. Nat Prod Rep 18:182–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coupé M, Chrestin H (1989) Physico-chemical and biochemical mechanisms of the hormonal (ethylene) stimulation: early biochemical events induced, in Hevea latex, by hormonal bark stimulation. In: d’Auzac J, Jacob JL, Chrestin H (eds) Physiology of rubber tree latex. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, pp 295–319

    Google Scholar 

  • d’Auzac J, Ribailler D (1969) L’éthylène, nouvel agent de la production de latex chez l’Heuea brasiliensis. CR Acad Sci Paris, 268

  • Dai L, Kang G, Nie Z, Li Y, Zeng R (2016) Comparative proteomic analysis of latex from Hevea brasiliensis treated with Ethrel and methyl jasmonate using iTRAQ-coupled two-dimensional LC-MS/MS. J. Proteomics 132:167–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dickenson P (1965) The ultrastructure of the vessel of Hevea brasilensis. In: Proceedings of the National Rubber Product Research Association Jubilee Conference. MacLaren and Sons Ltd., London, p 52

  • Dröge W (2002) Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 82(1):47–95

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duan C, Rio M, Leclercq J, Bonnot F, Oliver G, Montoro P (2010) Gene expression pattern in response to wounding, methyl jasmonate and ethylene in the bark of Hevea brasiliensis. Tree Physiol 30(10):1349–1359

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duan C, Argout X, Gébelin V, Summo M, Dufayard JF, Leclercq J, Kuswanhadi, Piyatrakul P, Pirrello J, Rio M, Champion A, Montoro P (2013) Identification of the Hevea brasiliensis AP2/ERF superfamily by RNA sequencing. BMC Genom 14:30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dusotoit-Coucaud A, Brunel N, Kongsawadworakul P, Viboonjun U, Lacointe A, Julien J-L, Chrestin H, Sakr S (2009) Sucrose importation into laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis, in relation to ethylene stimulation of latex production. Ann Bot 104:635–647

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dusotoit-Coucaud A, Kongsawadworakul P, Maurousset L, Viboonjun U, Brunel N, Pujade-Renaud V, Chrestin H, Sakr S (2010a) Ethylene stimulation of latex yield depends on the expression of a sucrose transporter (HbSUT1B) in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Tree Physiol 30(12):1586–1598

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dusotoit-Coucaud A, Porcheron B, Brunel N, Kongsawadworakul P, Franchel J, Viboonjun U, Chrestin H, Lemoine R, Sakr S (2010b) Cloning and characterization of a new polyol transporter (HbPLT2) in Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Cell Physiol 51(11):1878–1888

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gidrol X, Chrestin H, Mounoury G, D’Auzac J (1988) Early activation by ethylene of the tonoplast H-pumping ATPase in the latex from Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Physiol 86:899–903

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Givan CV (1999) Evolving concepts in plant glycolysis: two centuries of progress. Biol Rev 74(3):277–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hebant C (1981) Laticiferous ontogeny of the primary vessels of’ Hevea brasilensis: an ultra-structural and cytochemical study. Can J Bot 59:974–985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hepper CM, Audley BG (1969) The biosynthesis of rubber from hydroxyl-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A in Hevea brasiliensi s latex. Biochem J 114:379–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob JL, Prévôt JC, Roussel D, Lacrotte R, Serres E, d’Auzac J, Eschbach JM, Omont H (1989) Yield limiting factors, latex physiological parameters, latex diagnosis, and clonal typology. In: d’Auzac J, Jacob JL, Chrestin L (eds) Physiology of rubber tree latex. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 345–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson I, Karlsson M, Johanson U, Larsson C, Kjellbom P (2000) The role of aquaporins in cellular and whole plant water balance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1465(1–2):324–342

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kekwick RGO (1989) The formation of isoprenoids in Hevea latex. In: d’Auzac J, Jacob JL, Chrestin L (eds) Physiology of rubber tree latex. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 145–164

  • Ko JH, Chow KS, Han KH (2003) Transcriptome analysis reveals novel features of the molecular events occurring in the laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree). Plant Mol Biol 53(4):479–492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnakumar R, Sreelatha S, Thomas M, Gopalakrishnan J, Jacob J, Sethuraj MR (1999) Biochemical composition of soft bark tissues in Hevea affected by tapping panel dryness. Indian J Nat Rubber Res 12(1, 2):92–99

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnakumar R, Annamalainathan K, Simon SP, Jacob J (2001) Tapping panel dryness syndrome in Hevea increases dark respiration but not ATP status. Indian J Nat Rubber Res 14(1):14–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li D-J, Deng Z, Chen C-L, Xia Z-H, Wu M, He P, Chen S-C (2010) Identification and characterization of genes associated with tapping panel dryness from Hevea brasiliensis latex using suppression subtractive hybridization. BMC Plant Biol 10:140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Li D, Wang X, Deng Z, Liu H, Yang H, He G (2016) Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanism underlying tapping panel dryness of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Sci Rep 6:23540

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenthaler HK, Schwender J, Disch A, Rohmer M (1997) Biosynthesis of isoprenoids in higher plant chloroplasts proceeds via a mevalonate-independent pathway. FEBS Lett 400(3):271–274

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu KC, Yang Y, Zhao LH, Zhang ZL (2007) Primary analysis and construction of ethephon-induced latex SSH cDNA library from Hevea brasiliensis. Chin J Trop Crops 28:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu J-P, Xia Z-Q, Tian X-Y, Li Y-J (2015a) Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.) to discover putative genes associated with tapping panel dryness (TPD). BMC Genom 16:398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu S, Lan J, Zhou B, Qin Y, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Yang J, Gou J, Qi J, Huang Y, Tang C (2015b) HbNIN2, a cytosolic alkaline/neutral-invertase, is responsible for sucrose catabolism in rubber-producing laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree). New Phytol 206(2):709–725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J-P, Zhuang Y-F, Guo X-L, Li Y-J (2016) Molecular mechanism of ethylene stimulation of latex yield in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) revealed by de novo sequencing and transcriptome analysis. BMC Genom 17:257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez D, Amira MB, Brown D, Muries B, Brunel-Michac N, Bourgerie S, Porcheron B, Lemoine R, Chrestin H, Mollison E, Di Cola A, Frigerio L, Julien JL, Gousset-Dupont A, Fumanal B, Label P, Pujade-Renaud V, Auguin D, Venisse JS (2016) The Hevea brasiliensis XIP aquaporin subfamily: genomic, structural and functional characterizations with relevance to intensive latex harvesting. Plant Mol Biol 91(4–5):375–396

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nie Z, Kang G, Duan C, Li Y, Dai L, Zeng R (2016) Profiling ethylene-responsive genes expressed in the latex of the mature virgin rubber trees using cDNA microarray. PLoS One 11(3):e0152039

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ohya N, Tanaka Y, Wititsuwannakul R, Koyama T (2000) Activity of rubber transferase and rubber particle size in Hevea latex. J Rubber Res 3:214–221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfanz H, Aschan G, Langenfeld-Heyser R, Wittmann C, Loose M (2002) Ecology and ecophysiology of tree stems: corticular and wood photosynthesis. Naturwissenschaften 89:147–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piyatrakul P, Yang M, Putranto RA, Pirrello J, Dessailly F, Hu S, Summo M, Theeravatanasuk K, Leclercq J, Kuswanhadi, Montoro P (2014) Sequence and expression analyses of ethylene response factors highly expressed in latex cells from Hevea brasiliensis. PLoS One 9(6):e99367

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Plaxton W (1996) The organization and regulation of plant glycolysis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 47:185–214

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pujade-Renaud V, Clement A, Perrot-Rechenmann C, Prevôt J-C, Chrestin H, Jacob J-L, Guern J (1994) Ethylene-induced increase in glutamine synthetase activity and mRNA levels in Hevea brasiliensis latex cells. Plant Physiol 105:127–132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Putranto RA, Duan C, Kuswanhadi, Chaidamsari T, Rio M, Piyatrakul P, Herlinawati E, Pirrello J, Dessailly F, Leclercq J, Bonnot F, Tang C, Hu S, Montoro P (2015a) Ethylene response factors are controlled by multiple harvesting stresses in Hevea brasiliensis. PLoS One 10(4):e0123618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Putranto RA, Herlinawati E, Rio M, Leclercq J, Piyatrakul P, Gohet E, Sanier C, Oktavia F, Pirrello J, Kuswanhadi, Montoro P (2015b) Involvement of ethylene in the latex metabolism and tapping panel dryness of Hevea brasiliensis. Int J Mol Sci 16(8):17885–17908

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Concepción M, Campos N, Ferrer A, Boronat A (2013) Biosynthesis of isoprenoid precursors in Arabidopsis. In: Bach TJ, Rohmer M (eds) Isoprenoid synthesis in plants and microorganisms: new concepts and experimental approaches. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, pp 439–456

    Google Scholar 

  • Saveyn A, Steppe K, Ubierna N, Dawson TE (2010) Woody tissue photosynthesis and its contribution to trunk growth and bud development in young plants. Plant Cell Environ 33:1949–1958

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schieber M, Chandel NS (2014) ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress. Curr Biol 24(10):R453–R462

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Seetang-Nun Y, Sharkey TD, Suvachittanont W (2008) Molecular cloning and characterization of two cDNAs encoding 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase from Hevea brasiliensis. J Plant Physiol 165(9):991–1002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shi MJ, Cai FG, Tian WM (2016) Ethrel-stimulated prolongation of latex flow in the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.): an Hev b 7-like protein acts as a universal antagonist of rubber particle aggregating factors from lutoids and C-serum. J Biochem 159(2):209–216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siswanto (1994) Physiological mechanism related to latex production of Hevea brasiliensis. Buletin Bioteknologi Perkebunan 1(1):23–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Skilleter DN, Kekwick RGO (1971) The enzymes forming isopentenyl pyrophosphate from 5-phosphomevalonate (mevalonate-5-phosphate) in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis. Biochem J 124:407–415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Steppe K, Sterck F, Deslauriers A (2015) Diel growth dynamics in tree stems: linking anatomy and ecophysiology. Trends Plant Sci 20:335–343

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stitt M, Lunn J, Usadel B (2010) Arabidopsis and primary photosynthetic metabolism – more than the icing on the cake. Plant J 61(6):1067–1091

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tang C, Huang D, Yang J, Liu S, Sakr S, Li H, Zhou Y, Qin Y (2010) The sucrose transporter HbSUT3 plays an active role in sucrose loading to laticifer and rubber productivity in exploited trees of Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree). Plant Cell Environ 33(10):1708–1720

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tang C, Yang M, Fang Y, Luo Y, Gao S, Xiao X, An Z, Zhou B, Zhang B, Tan X, Yeang HY, Qin Y, Yang J, Lin Q, Mei H, Montoro P, Long X, Qi J, Hua Y, He Z, Sun M, Li W, Zeng X, Cheng H, Liu Y, Yang J, Tian W, Zhuang N, Zeng R, Li D, He P, Li Z, Zou Z, Li S, Li C, Wang J, Wei D, Lai CQ, Luo W, Yu J, Hu S, Huang H (2016) The rubber tree genome reveals new insights into rubber production and species adaptation. Nat Plants 2(6):16073

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teskey RO, Saveyn A, Steppe K, McGuire MA (2008) Origin, fate and significance of CO2 in tree stems. New Phytol 177:17–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tungngoen K, Kongsawadworakul P, Viboonjun U, Katsuhara M, Brunel N, Sakr S, Narangajavana J, Chrestin H (2009) Involvement of HbPIP2;1 and HbTIP1;1 aquaporins in ethylene stimulation of latex yield, through regulation of water exchanges between inner liber and latex cells in Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Physiol 151:843–856

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tungngoen K, Viboonjun U, Kongsawadworakul P, Katsuhara M, Julien J-L, Sakr S, Chrestin H, Narangajavana J (2011) Hormonal treatment of the bark of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) increases latex yield through latex dilution in relation with the differential expression of two aquaporin genes. J Plant Physiol 168:253–262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tupy J (1969) Stimulatory effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and of 1-naphthylacetic acid on sucrose level, invertase activity and sucrose utilization in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis. Planta 88(2):144–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tupy J (1973) The activity of the latex invertase and latex production of Heven brasiliensis. Physiol. Veg. 11:633–641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tupy J (1976) control of carbohydrate metabolism by ethylene in latex vessels of Hevea brasiliensis Muel. Arg. In relation to rubber production. Biol Plant 18(5):373–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tupy J (1988) Ribosomal and polyadenylated RNA content of rubber tree latex, association with sucrose level and latex pH. Plant Sci 55(2):137–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandegehuchte MW, Bloemen J, Vergeynst LL, Steppe K (2015) Woody tissue photosynthesis in trees: salve on the wounds of drought? New Phytol 208:998–1002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatachalam P, Thulaseedharan A, Raghothama K (2007) Identification of expression profiles of tapping panel dryness (TPD) associated genes from the latex of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Planta 226(2):499–515

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatachalam P, Thulaseedharan A, Raghothama K (2009) Molecular identification and characterization of a gene associated with the onset of tapping paneldryness (TPD) syndrome in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.) by mRNA differential display. Mol Biotechnol 41(1):42–52

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Shi M, Wang D, Chen Y, Cai F, Zhang S, Wang L, Tong Z, Tian WM (2013) Comparative proteomics of primary and secondary lutoids reveals that chitinase and glucanase play a crucial combined role in rubber particle aggregation in Hevea brasiliensis. J Proteome Res 12(11):5146–5159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Wang D, Sun Y, Yang Q, Chang L, Wang L, Meng X, Huang Q, Jin X, Tong Z (2015) Comprehensive proteomics analysis of laticifer latex reveals new insights into ethylene stimulation of natural rubber production. Sci Rep 5:13778

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Whalen M, McMahan C, Shintani D (2013) Development of crops to produce industrially useful natural rubber. In: Bach TJ, Rohmer M (eds) Isoprenoid synthesis in plants and microorganisms: new concepts and experimental approaches. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, pp 329–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiang Q, Xia K, Dai L, Kang G, Li Y, Nie Z, Duan C, Zeng R (2012) Proteome analysis of the large and the small rubber particles of Hevea brasiliensis using 2D-DIGE. Plant Physiol Biochem 60:207–213

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu JH, Zhang ZL (2009) Ethylene stimulation of latex production in Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Signal Behav. 4:1072–1074

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu J, Zhang Q, Wu R, Zhang Z (2010) HbMT2, an ethephon-induced metallothionein gene from Hevea brasiliensis responds to H(2)O(2) stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 48(8):710–715

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zou Z, Gong J, An F, Xie G, Wang J, Mo Y, Yang L (2015) Genome-wide identification of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) aquaporin genes and their response to ethephon stimulation in the laticifer, a rubber producing tissue. BMC Genom 16:1001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the communicating editor, Prof. Marcos Buckeridge for his constructive comments and encouragement on the article, and to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the review. This work was funded by the Hainan Province Major Science and Technology Project (ZDZX2013023), the Western Plan and Subject Key Areas Construction Project of Hainan University (ZXBJH-XK001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agronomy, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People’s Republic of China

    Jin-Ping Liu

Authors
  1. Jin-Ping Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jin-Ping Liu.

Additional information

Communicated by M. Buckeridge.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, JP. Molecular mechanism underlying ethylene stimulation of latex production in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Trees 30, 1913–1921 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1455-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1455-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation