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Environment and position of first bud to break on apple shoots affects lateral outgrowth

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Abstract

A study was conducted to determine which bud (terminal or lateral) breaks first, and thereby exerts primigenic dominance, on ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, 1-year-old apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) shoots grown in two locations in the Western Cape, South Africa, with differing degrees of chilling. Primigenic dominance of laterals was more common in a warm area than a cool area, and more common in ‘Granny Smith’ than ‘Golden Delicious’. Laterals rarely broke before the terminal in ‘Golden Delicious’, and so differences in lateral development due to position of first bud to break were only analyzed in ‘Granny Smith’ shoots from this point on in the study. In ‘Granny Smith’, lateral budbreak and growth was influenced by the position of the first bud to break on the shoot, but did not differ between locations. On ‘Granny Smith’ shoots with primigenic dominance of the terminal, lateral budbreak and growth was suppressed, in accordance with the typical ‘delayed foliation’ commonly observed in warm winter climates. However, when at least one lateral broke before the terminal, lateral budbreak and growth were similar to previous observations in cold winter areas.

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Acknowledgments

This material is based on work supported by the Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP) of the National Department of Trade and Industry as managed by the National Research Foundation (NRF), and the South African Apple and Pear Producers’ Association. Any opinions, findings, or conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NRF.

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Author notes

  1. Karen Maguylo

    Present address: College for Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University—NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management, 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 110, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA

  2. Nigel C. Cook

    Present address: Deciduous Fruit Producers Trust Research, P.O. Box 12789, Die Boord, Stellenbosch, 7613, South Africa

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticultural Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa

    Karen Maguylo, Nigel C. Cook & Karen I. Theron

Authors
  1. Karen Maguylo
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  2. Nigel C. Cook
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  3. Karen I. Theron
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Correspondence to Karen Maguylo.

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Communicated by D. Treutter.

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Maguylo, K., Cook, N.C. & Theron, K.I. Environment and position of first bud to break on apple shoots affects lateral outgrowth. Trees 26, 663–675 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-011-0634-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-011-0634-y

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