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Catharanthus roseus-assisted bio-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles for promising antibacterial potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Abstract

This study emphasized on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in an environmentally friendly manner from the extract of Catharanthus roseus leaves and its antibacterial assessment against the pneumonia-causing pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. This simple and convenient phytosynthesis approach is found to be beneficial over conventional methods, wherein plants serve as excellent reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents that enables the formation of ZnO NPs without the use of harmful chemicals. The formation of ZnO NPs was confirmed through several characterization techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, HR-TEM, and EDX. XRD analysis revealed high polycrystallinity with crystallite size of approximately 13 nm. SEM and HR-TEM revealed the hexagonal structure of ZnO NPs with the particle size range of 20–50 nm. The EDX shows the elemental purity without any impurity. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy by the technique of disc diffusion exhibited clear inhibition zones in ZnO NPs-treated discs. In addition, 125 µg/mL of ZnO NP concentration showed minimum inhibition by the microbroth dilution method. The potent inhibitory activity was further validated with trypan blue dye exclusion and fluorescence microscopy. Finally, SEM examination confirmed the efficient antibacterial potential of ZnO NPs through disruption of the intact morphology of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Group Research Project under grant number RGP2/54/44. The authors also acknowledge the Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University for providing infrastructural facilities to carry out this work.

Funding

This research work is funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through the Large Group Research Project under grant number RGP2/54/44.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bengaluru, 560056, India

    Sumreen Sultana, Tekupalli Ravikiran & Thimappa Ramachandrappa Lakshmeesha

  2. Department of Microbiology, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Medical College & Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560001, India

    Bagepalli Shivaram Ashwini

  3. Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Azam Ansari

  4. Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad N. Alomary

  5. Vaccine and Bioprocessing Center, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia

    Yahya F. Jamous

  6. Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India

    Siddapura Ramachandrappa Niranjana

  7. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    M. Yasmin Begum

  8. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Ayesha Siddiqua

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  1. Sumreen Sultana
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Contributions

Sumreen Sultana, Bagepalli Shivaram Ashwini, Mohammad Azam Ansari: writing – original draft, writing – review and editing, visualization, methodology, experiment Mohammad N. Alomary, Yahya F. Jamous, Tekupalli Ravikiran, Siddapura Ramachandrappa Niranjana, M Yasmin Begum, Ayesha Siddiqua: writing – review and editing, formal analysis, visualization, resources. Thimappa Ramachandrappa Lakshmeesha: Concept, writing – review and editing, project administration, supervisor

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Correspondence to Mohammad Azam Ansari or Thimappa Ramachandrappa Lakshmeesha.

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Sultana, S., Ashwini, B.S., Ansari, M.A. et al. Catharanthus roseus-assisted bio-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles for promising antibacterial potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-024-03001-8

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