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Can vitamin E ester derivatives be excellent alternatives of vitamin E: state of art

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Abstract

Vitamin E (VE) is a natural antioxidant which is widely used in the food fields, while the shortcomings of easy oxidative inactivation and poor water solubility limit its application. Vitamin E esters’ (VEEs) derivatives, such as vitamin E acetate (VEA), are more stable and easier to be absorbed while have similar biological activities and physiological functions compared with VE. In this systematic review, the digestion, absorption and physiological function of VEEs were summarized. To promote their further industrial applications, the synthesis strategies of VEEs were also summarized in-depth. In particular, as a new generation of green solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in enzymatic reactions due to the stabilization and activation of enzymes. Their applications in enzymatic synthesis of VEEs were summarized and discussed. Finally, several future perspectives for developing more efficiency strategies of VEEs synthesis, such as enzyme engineering and design of novel ILs, were also discussed.

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Abbreviations

BHA:

Butyl hydroxyanisole

BHT:

Butyl hydroxytoluene

[BMIM]PF6 :

1-Bulky-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

CALB:

Candida antarctica lipase B

CRL:

Candida rugosa lipase

ILs:

Ionic liquids

IP:

Isophytol

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

TMHQ:

Trimethylhydroquinone

VEPGS:

Vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate

VE:

Vitamin E

VEA:

Vitamin E acetate

VEEs:

Vitamin E esters

VEF:

Vitamin E ferulic

VELO:

Vitamin E linoleic acid

VEN:

Vitamin E nicotinate

VEO:

Vitamin E oleic acid

VEP:

Vitamin E phosphate

VES:

Vitamin E succinate

VLDL:

Very low-density lipoprotein

α-TTP:

α-Tocopherol transfer protein

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Acknowledgements

The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21676143), and the Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, Nanjing TECH University Research Startup Funds (No. 39828130).

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  1. Guangzheng Ma and Wenya Chong have contributed equally to the work and should be regarded as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Guangzheng Ma, Wenya Chong, Yuan Qi, Zeping Lu, Zihan Zhang, Binbin Nian & Yi Hu

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  1. Guangzheng Ma
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Contributions

GM: data curation, investigation, writing—original draft, and formal analysis. WC: writing—review and editing, and project administration. YQ: data curation and investigation. ZL: software and visualization. ZZ: software and methodology. BN: supervision, writing—review and editing, validation, and funding acquisition. YH: supervision and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Binbin Nian or Yi Hu.

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Ma, G., Chong, W., Qi, Y. et al. Can vitamin E ester derivatives be excellent alternatives of vitamin E: state of art. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 46, 1695–1709 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-023-02918-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-023-02918-w

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