Abstract
An electrochemical immunosensor based on interdigitated array microelectrodes (IDAMs) was developed for sensitive, specific and rapid detection of chlorpyrifos. Anti-chlorpyrifos monoclonal antibodies were orientedly immobilized onto the gold microelectrode surface through protein A. Chlorpyrifos were then captured by the immobilized antibody, resulting in an impedance change in the IDAMs surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in conjunction with the fabricated sensor to detect chlorpyrifos. Under optimum conditions, the impedance value change of chlorpyrifos was proportional to its concentrations in the range of 100–105 ng/mL. The detection limit was found to be 0.014 ng/mL for chlorpyrifos. The proposed chlorpyrifos immunosensor could be used as a screening method in pesticide determination for the analysis of environmental, agricultural and pharmaceutical samples due to its rapidity, sensitivity and low cost.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bäumner AJ, Schmid RD (1998) Development of a new immunosensor for pesticide detection: a disposable system with liposome-enhancement and amperometric detection. Biosens Bioelectron 13(5):519–529
Valera E, Ramón-Azcón J, Barranco A, Alfaro B, Sánchez-Baeza F, Marco MP, Rodríguez Á (2010) Determination of atrazine residues in red wine samples. A conductimetric solution. Food Chem 122(3):888–894
Du D, Chen S, Cai J, Zhang A (2008) Electrochemical pesticide sensitivity test using acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on colloidal gold nanoparticle modified sol–gel interface. Talanta 74(4):766–772
Navarro P, Pérez AJ, Gabaldón JA, Núñez-Delicado E, Puchades R, Maquieira A, Morais S (2013) Detection of chemical residues in tangerine juices by a duplex immunoassay. Talanta 116:33–38
Prabhakar N, Sumana G, Arora K, Singh H, Malhotra BD (2008) Improved electrochemical nucleic acid biosensor based on polyaniline-polyvinyl sulphonate. Electrochim Acta 53(12):4344–4350
Mauriz E, Calle A, Manclús JJ, Montoya A, Escuela AM, Sendra JR, Lechuga LM (2006) Single and multi-analyte surface plasmon resonance assays for simultaneous detection of cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides. Sens Actuators B 118(1):399–407
Mauriz E, Calle A, Lechuga LM, Quintana J, Montoya A, Manclús JJ (2006) Real-time detection of chlorpyrifos at part per trillion levels in ground, surface and drinking water samples by a portable surface plasmon resonance immunosensor. Anal Chim Acta 561(1):40–47
Wu J, Fu X, Xie C, Yang M, Fang W, Gao S (2011) TiO2 nanoparticles-enhanced luminol chemiluminescence and its analytical applications in organophosphate pesticide imprinting. Sens Actuators B 160(1):511–516
Charles T, Campbell JA, Liu G, Lin Y, Kousba AA (2007) Development of a non-invasive biomonitoring approach to determine exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos in rat saliva. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 219(2):217–225
Wang L, Lu D, Wang J, Du D, Zou Z, Wang H, Smith JN, Timchalk C, Liu F, Lin Y (2011) A novel immunochromatographic electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of trichloropyridinol, a biomarker of exposure to chlorpyrifos. Biosens Bioelectron 26(6):2835–2840
Liu XQ, Duckworth PA, Wong DKY (2010) Square wave voltammetry versus electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a rapid detection technique at electrochemical immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 25(6):1467–1473
Katz E, Alfonta L, Willner I (2001) Chronopotentiometry and Faradaic impedance spectroscopy as methods for signal transduction in immunosensors. Sens Actuators B 76(1):134–141
Alfonta L, Bardea A, Khersonsky O, Katz E, Willner I (2001) Chronopotentiometry and Faradaic impedance spectroscopy as signal transduction methods for the biocatalytic precipitation of an insoluble product on electrode supports: routes for enzyme sensors, immunosensors and DNA sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 16(9):675–687
Schmitt N, Tessier L, Watier H, Patat F (1997) A new method based on acoustic impedance measurements for quartz immunosensor. Sens Actuators B 43(1):217–223
Farré M, Kantiani L, Barceló D (2007) Advances in immunochemical technologies for analysis of organic pollutants in the environment. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 26(1):1100–1112
Yang G, Jin W, Wu L, Wang Q, Shao H, Qin A, Yu B, Li D, Cai B (2011) Development of an impedimetric immunosensor for the determination of 3-amino-2-oxazolidone residue in food samples. Anal Chim Acta 706(1):120–127
Wei Q, Zhao Y, Du B, Wu D, Li H, Yang M (2012) Ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin in animal derived foods by label-free electrochemical immunosensor. Food Chem 134(3):1601–1606
Laube T, Kergaravat SV, Fabiano SN, Hernández SR, Alegret S, Pividori MI (2011) Magneto immunosensor for gliadin detection in gluten-free foodstuff: towards food safety for celiac patients. Biosens Bioelectron 27(1):46–52
Čerňanská M, Tomčík P, Jánošíková Z, Rievaj M, Dušan B (2013) Indirect voltammetric detection of fluoride ions in toothpaste on a comb-shaped interdigitated microelectrode array. Talanta 83(5):1472–1475
Tang X, Flandre D, Raskin JP, Nizet Y, Moreno-Hagelsieb L, Pampin R, Francis LA (2011) A new interdigitated array microelectrode-oxide-silicon sensor with label-free, high sensitivity and specificity for fast bacteria detection. Sens Actuators B 156(2):578–587
Yan X, Wang M, An D (2011) Progress of interdigitated array microelectrodes based impedance immunosensor. Chin J Anal Chem 39(10):1601–1610
Wang R, Wang Y, Lassiter K, Li Y, Hargis B, Tung S, Berghman L, Bottje W (2009) Interdigitated array microelectrode based impedance immunosensor for detection of avian influenza virus H5N1. Talanta 79(2):159–164
Chuang MC, Lai HY, Ho JA, Chen YY (2013) Multifunctional microelectrode array (mMEA) chip for neural-electrical and neural-chemical interfaces: characterization of comb interdigitated electrode towards dopamine detection. Biosens Bioelectron 41:602–607
Ramón-Azcón J, Valera E, Rodríguez Á, Barranco A, Alfaro B, Sanchez-Baeza F, Marco MP (2008) An impedimetric immunosensor based on interdigitated microelectrodes (IDμE) for the determination of atrazine residues in food samples. Biosens Bioelectron 23(9):1367–1373
Tomčík P, Krajčíková M, Bustin D (2001) Determination of pharmaceutical dosage forms via diffusion layer titration at an interdigitated microelectrode array. Talanta 55(6):1065–1070
Beltrán NH, Finger RA, Santiago-Aviles J, Espinoza-Vallejos P (2003) Effect of parasitic capacitances on impedance measurements in microsensors structures: a numerical study. Sens Actuators B 96(1):139–143
Fernández-Sánchez C, McNeil CJ, Rawson K (2005) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies of polymer degradation: application to biosensor developmen. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 24(1):37–48
Streitner I, Goldhofer M, Cho S, Thielecke H, Kinscherf R, Streitner F, Metz J, Haase KK, Borggrefe M, Suselbeck T (2009) Electric impedance spectroscopy of human atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 206(2):464–468
Huang CH, Li JX, Tang Y, Chen YY (2011) Detection of duck hepatitis virus serotype 1 by biosensor based on imaging ellipsometry. Curr Appl Phys 11(3):353–357
Jain SR, Borowska E, Davidsson R, Tudorache M, Pontén E, Emnéus J (2004) A chemiluminescence flow immunosensor based on a porous monolithic metacrylate and polyethylene composite disc modified with Protein G. Biosens Bioelectron 19(8):795–803
Jaroslaava T (1999) Oriented immobilization of biologically active proteins as a tool for revealing protein interactions and function. Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 722(1):11–31
Al-Hardan N, Abdullah MJ, Aziz AA (2011) Impedance spectroscopy of undoped and Cr-doped ZnO gas sensors under different oxygen concentrations. Appl Surf Sci 257(1):8993–8997
Zamfir LG, Rotariu L, Bala C (2011) A novel, sensitive, reusable and low potential acetylcholinesterase biosensor for chlorpyrifos based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/multiwalled carbon nanotubes gel. Biosens Bioelectron 26(8):3692–3695
Liu T, Su HC, Qu XJ, Ju P, Cui L, Ai SY (2011) Acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on 3-carboxyphenylboronic acid/reduced graphene oxide-gold nanocomposites modified electrode for amperometric detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Sens Actuators B 160(1):1255–1261
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30972055, 31101286), Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2011GB2C60020).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cao, Y., Sun, X., Guo, Y. et al. An electrochemical immunosensor based on interdigitated array microelectrode for the detection of chlorpyrifos. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 38, 307–313 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-014-1269-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-014-1269-3