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Detection of phenolic compounds using impedance spectroscopy measurements

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Abstract

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and layer-by-layer films (LbL) of a PPV (p-phenylenevinylene) derivative, an azo compound and tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines were successfully employed as transducers in an “electronic tongue” system for detecting trace levels of phenolic compounds in water. The choice of the materials was based on their distinct electrical natures, which enabled the array to establish a fingerprint of very similar liquids. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were taken in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 1 MHz, with the data analysed with principal component analysis (PCA). The sensing units were obtained from five-layer LB films of (poly[(2-methoxy-5-n-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene]), OC1OC18-PPV (poly(2-methoxy,5-(n-octadecyl)-p-phenylenevinylene)), DR (HEMA-co-DR13MA (poly-(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-[4′-[[2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]ethylamino]-2-chloro-4-nitroazobenzene]))) and five-bilayer LbL films of tetrasulfonated metallic phthalocyanines deposited onto gold interdigitated electrodes. The sensors were immersed into phenol, 2-chloro-4-methoxyphenol, 2-chlorophenol and 3-chlorophenol (isomers) solutions at 1 × 10−9 mol L−1, with control experiments carried out in ultra pure water. Samples could be distinguished if the principal component analysis (PCA) plots were made with capacitance values taken at 103 Hz, which is promising for detection of trace amounts of phenolic pollutants in natural water.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial assistance from FAPESP and CNPq/IMMP (Brazil), and are grateful to LNLS (Brazil) for providing interdigitated electrodes (project LMF 4385).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Depto de Física, IGCE, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 467, Rio Claro, SP, 13500-230, Brazil

    Clarissa A. Olivati

  2. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus de Sorocaba, CP 3031, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil

    Antonio Riul Jr & Marystela Ferreira

  3. Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Débora T. Balogh & Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr

Authors
  1. Clarissa A. Olivati
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  2. Antonio Riul Jr
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  3. Débora T. Balogh
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  4. Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr
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  5. Marystela Ferreira
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marystela Ferreira.

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Olivati, C.A., Riul, A., Balogh, D.T. et al. Detection of phenolic compounds using impedance spectroscopy measurements. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 32, 41–46 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-008-0218-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-008-0218-4

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