Nonlinear control of bioreactors with input multiplicities—an experimental work

Abstract

The phrase input multiplicities means that an input variable with more than one value produces the same output value as if there were a single input–single output process. With input multiplicities, the value of the process gain changes as the manipulated variable changes, and beyond a certain input value, the sign of the gain also changes. A conventional PI controller for processes with input multiplicities may give unstable, less economical, or oscillatory responses. In the present work, control problems of a continuous bioreactor exhibiting two input multiplicities in the dilution rate on productivity were experimentally analyzed. A regulatory problem for the evaluation of controllers was taken up, i.e. a step change was made in the feed substrate concentration from 20 to 25 g/l at steady state conduction at lower (0.09386 h⁻¹) and higher (0.2278 h⁻¹) dilution rates for the same productivity of 2.9 g/l h. The nonlinear PI controller gave a more stable and fast response at both input dilution rates. The linear PI controller designed for a lower input dilution rate was stable, with some oscillations at the lower dilution rate, but the response was unstable at a higher dilution rate due to the input multiplicity behaviour of the process. Thus, nonlinear PI controller performance was found to be superior to that of the linear controller, and earlier reported theoretical results have been validated by the present experimental work.