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Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

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Abstract

We measured diffuse carbon dioxide (CO2) flux and soil temperature around the summit of Asama volcano, Japan to assess the diffuse degassing structure around the summit area. Soil CO2 flux was measured using an accumulation chamber method, and the spatial distributions of CO2 flux and soil temperature were derived from the mean of 100 sequential Gaussian simulations. Results show that soil CO2 flux was high on the eastern flank of Kamayama cone and the eastern rim of Maekake crater, the outer cone. These areas mostly correspond to high-temperature anomalies. The average emission rate of diffuse CO2 was calculated to be 12.6 t day−1 (12.2–14.6 t day−1). Such diffuse emissions account for 12 % of the total (diffuse and plume) CO2 emissions from the summit area. The diffuse CO2 anomalies probably reflect permeable zones controlled by local topography and hidden fractures bordering Maekake crater. The permeable zones are connected to the low-electrical-resistivity zone inferred to indicate both a hydrothermal fluid layer and an upper sealed layer made of clay minerals. Magmatic gas from the main conduit ascends to the volcano surface through this fluid layer and the permeable zones. These insights emphasize that the pathways and the connection between the pathways and the source of diffuse CO2 combine to create the pattern of heterogeneous diffuse CO2 emission seen at the surface. Only by using a combination of gas measurements and geophysical tools can we begin to understand the dynamics of this system as a whole.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Drs. M. Takeo, T. Ohminato, H. Shinohara, E. Padrón, P. A. Hernández, P. Allard, M. Takahashi, M. Yasui, K. Aizawa, T. Koyama, and T. Urabe for discussion and observations. We greatly thank two anonymous reviewers for their careful and constructive comments and Executive Editor Dr. J.D.L. White and Associate Editor Dr. C. Oppenheimer for their valuable suggestions. This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, under its Observation and Research Program for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions and its Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program. This study was also supported by the Earthquake Research Institute cooperative research program. Soil CO2 flux meters were provided by Shizuoka University and Kyushu University.

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  1. Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Masaaki Morita & Toshiya Mori

  2. Research Institute of Earthquake and Volcano Geology, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan

    Ryunosuke Kazahaya

  3. Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan

    Hiroshi Tsuji

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Morita, M., Mori, T., Kazahaya, R. et al. Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan. Bull Volcanol 78, 17 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1008-5

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