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Tree communities and functional traits determine herbivore compositional turnover

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Abstract

There are many factors known to drive species turnover, although the mechanisms by which these operate are less clear. Based on comprehensive datasets from the largest tree diversity experiment worldwide (BEF-China), we used shared herbivore species (zeta diversity) and multi-site generalized dissimilarity modelling to investigate the patterns and determinants of species turnover of Lepidoptera herbivores among study plots across a gradient in tree species richness. We found that zeta diversity declined sharply with an increasing number of study plots, with complete changes in caterpillar species composition observed even at the fine spatial scale of our study. Plant community characteristics rather than abiotic factors were found to play key roles in driving caterpillar compositional turnover, although these effects varied with an increasing number of study plots considered, due to the varying contributions of rare and common species to compositional turnover. Our study reveals details of the impact of phylogeny- and trait-mediated processes of trees on herbivore compositional turnover, which has implications for forest management and conservation and shows potential avenues for maintenance of heterogeneity in herbivore communities.

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Data availability

Data can be available on the BEF-China project database at https://data.botanik.uni-halle.de/bef-china/datasets/661 and Science Data Bank at https://www.scidb.cn/en/s/EbeUb2 (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09371).

Code availability

Analyses were done in R, and code can be accessed on Science Data Bank at https://www.scidb.cn/en/s/EbeUb2 (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09371).

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Acknowledgements

We thank the BEF-China consortium for support (especially, Bo Yang and Shan Li). We thank several local assistants (especially Yinquan Qi, Wanxi Wang) for their help in the sampling. We thank Dr. Guillaume Latombe for his help in the analysis. We are grateful to Wenzel Kröber for the assessment of tree traits, Andreas Fichtner and others for the calculation of tree wood volume, Goddert von Oheimb and Matthias Kunz for the measurement of tree structural diversity.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research Development Program of China (2022YFF0802300), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB310304), the National Natural Science Foundation, China (32100343, 32271736) and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (31625024). MQW was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt research fellowships. CDZ's lab was continuously supported by grants from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant number 2008DP173354).

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  1. Ming-Qiang Wang and Zhixin Wen have contributed equally to this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4 Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Ming-Qiang Wang & Jinzhao Ke

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China

    Ming-Qiang Wang, Zhixin Wen, Douglas Chesters, Jing-Ting Chen, Arong Luo, Xiaoyu Shi, Qing-Song Zhou & Chao-Dong Zhu

  3. College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China

    Jinzhao Ke, Jing-Ting Chen & Chao-Dong Zhu

  4. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China

    Yi Li, Xiao-Juan Liu & Keping Ma

  5. Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany

    Helge Bruelheide

  6. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Helge Bruelheide

  7. Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

    Ming-Qiang Wang & Andreas Schuldt

  8. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China

    Chao-Dong Zhu

  9. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101314, China

    Keping Ma

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  1. Ming-Qiang Wang
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Contributions

MQW and ZXW conceived the study; CDZ, AS and MQW designed the research; MQW, YL and JTC collected data, AS, JZK, DC, QSZ, AL, XYS, XJL, KM and HB contributed to the manuscript; MQW conducted the statistical analyses with assistance from ZXW and JZK; MQW wrote the manuscript, with further input from AS and all coauthors.

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Correspondence to Andreas Schuldt or Chao-Dong Zhu.

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All applicable institutional and/or national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Communicated by Francisco E Fonturbel.

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Wang, MQ., Wen, Z., Ke, J. et al. Tree communities and functional traits determine herbivore compositional turnover. Oecologia 203, 205–218 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05463-1

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